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Definition 2024


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Translingual

Stroke order

Alternative forms

Han character

(radical 102 田+0, 5 strokes, cangjie input 田中 (WL), four-corner 60500, composition)

  1. armor, shell
  2. fingernails
  3. the first of the ten heavenly stems

Derived characters

References

  • KangXi: page 758, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 21725
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1167, character 3
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2525, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+7532

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Large seal script Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series () (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
*ʔl'aːb, *ɡraːb
*klaːb, *sɡreːb, *qraːb
*klaːb, *kraːb
*kraːb
*kraːb
*kraːb
*kraːb, *qraːb
*kraːb
*qʰraːb
*ɡraːb
*ɡraːb
*ɡraːb
*ɡraːb
*ɡraːb
*qraːb
*qraːb

Pictogram (象形) : a turtle shell.

Etymology 1

simp. and trad.
alt. forms 𠇚
𡴌
𤰒

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *krap (shell; shield).

Pronunciation



  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 甲 (指)
Mandarin Beijing /t͡ɕia²¹⁴/ /t͡ɕia⁰/
Harbin /t͡ɕia²¹³/ /t͡ɕia²¹³/
Tianjin /t͡ɕiɑ¹³/ /t͡ɕiɑ¹³/
Jinan /t͡ɕia²¹³/ /t͡ɕia²¹³/
Qingdao /t͡ɕia⁵⁵/ /t͡ɕia⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /t͡ɕia²⁴/ /t͡ɕia²⁴/
Xi'an /t͡ɕia²¹/ /t͡ɕia²¹/
Xining /t͡ɕia⁴⁴/ /t͡sz̩⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /t͡ɕia¹³/ /t͡ɕia¹³/
Lanzhou /t͡ɕia¹³/ /t͡ɕia³¹/
Ürümqi /t͡ɕia⁵¹/ /t͡ɕia²¹³/
Wuhan /t͡ɕia²¹³/ /ka²¹³/
/t͡ɕia²¹³/
Chengdu /t͡ɕia³¹/ /t͡ɕia³¹/
Guiyang /t͡ɕia²¹/ /t͡ɕia²¹/
Kunming /t͡ɕia̠³¹/ /t͡ɕia̠³¹/
Nanjing /t͡ɕiɑʔ⁵/ /t͡ɕiɑʔ⁵/
Hefei /t͡ɕiɐʔ⁵/ /t͡ɕiɐʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡ɕiaʔ²/ /t͡ɕiaʔ²/
Pingyao /t͡ɕiʌʔ¹³/ /t͡ɕiʌʔ¹³/
Hohhot /t͡ɕiaʔ⁴³/ /t͡ɕiaʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /t͡ɕiaʔ⁵/ /kʰaʔ⁵/
Suzhou /kaʔ⁵/ /kaʔ⁵/
Hangzhou /t͡ɕiɑʔ⁵/ /t͡ɕiɑʔ⁵/
Wenzhou /ka²¹³/ /ka²¹³/
Hui Shexian /kaʔ²¹/ /kaʔ²¹/
Tunxi /kɔ⁵/ /kɔ⁵/
Xiang Changsha /t͡ɕia²⁴/
/ka²⁴/
/t͡ɕia²⁴/
/ka²⁴/
Xiangtan /t͡ɕiɒ²⁴/ /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /kaʔ⁵/ /kaʔ⁵/
Hakka Meixian /kap̚¹/ /kap̚¹/
Taoyuan /kɑp̚²²/ /kɑp̚²²/
Cantonese Guangzhou /kap̚³/ /kap̚³/
Nanning /kap̚³³/ /kɛp̚³³/
Hong Kong /kap̚³/ /kap̚³/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /kap̚³²/
/kaʔ³²/
/kap̚³²/
/kaʔ³²/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /kɑʔ²³/ /kɑʔ²³/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /ka²⁴/ /ka²⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /kaʔ²/ /kaʔ²/
Haikou (Min Nan) /ka⁵⁵/ /ka⁵⁵/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (28)
Final () (150)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () II
Fanqie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/kˠap̚/
Pan
Wuyun
/kᵚap̚/
Shao
Rongfen
/kap̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/kaɨp̚/
Li
Rong
/kap̚/
Wang
Li
/kap̚/
Bernard
Karlgren
/kap̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
jia
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
jiǎ
Middle
Chinese
‹ kæp ›
Old
Chinese
/*[k]ˤr[a]p/
English 1st heavenly stem; fingernail

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 5931
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*kraːb/
Notes

Definitions

  1. armor
  2. shell
  3. nail (plate at the end of fingers and toes)
  4. the first heavenly stem
  5. number one; first; A
  6. A surname.
Compounds

Etymology 2

simp. and trad.

Borrowing from Dutch akker (field) or morgen (morning).[1]

Pronunciation


Definitions

  1. (Taiwan) unit of land (area) measure, equivalent to 2,934  (píng) or 0.97 hectares,[2] roughly 2.1 acres

Etymology 3

simp. and trad.
alt. forms 𢓜

From (kàu).

Pronunciation


Definitions

(Min Nan)

  1. to arrive; to reach
  2. to; until; to the extent

Pronunciation


Definitions

  1. (Xiamen and Quanzhou Min Nan) very; really; badly

Etymology 4

Probably from (kám, káⁿ).

Pronunciation


Definitions

(Min Nan)

  1. how is it that; how could
  2. (Taiwan) since; as

Etymology 5

simp. and trad.

Pronunciation


Definitions

  1. (Min Nan) Alternative form of (kah, kap, “and; with”).

Etymology 6

Pronunciation


Definitions

  1. (Min Nan) Alternative form of (kā, kāng).

References

  1. Andrade, Tonio (2005), Appendix A: Weights, Measures, and Exchange Rates”, in How Taiwan Became Chinese: Dutch, Spanish and Han Colonization in the Seventeenth Century, Columbia University Press, ISBN 9780231503686.
  2. Entry #1857”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.

Japanese

Kanji

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

Compounds

Noun

(hiragana こう, romaji , historical hiragana かふ)

  1. carapace, shell
  2. first in rank
  3. instep or the back of the hand
  4. the first party

(hiragana よろい, romaji yoroi, historical hiragana よろひ)

  1. armor

(hiragana きのえ, romaji kinoe)

  1. first sign of the Chinese calendar

(hiragana かん, romaji kan)

  1. treble range

Alternative forms


Korean

Hanja

(gap) (hangeul , revised gap, McCune-Reischauer kap, Yale kap)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

(giáp, giẹp, kép, nháp, ráp)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.