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Definition 2025
坐
坐
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See also: 座
Translingual
| Stroke order | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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Han character
坐 (radical 32 土+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 人人土 (OOG), four-corner 88104, composition ⿻土从)
Derived characters
References
- KangXi: page 225, character 15
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 4931
- Dae Jaweon: page 460, character 6
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 423, character 12
- Unihan data for U+5750
Chinese
|
simp. and trad. |
坐 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph origin
| Characters in the same phonetic series (坐) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 脞 | *sʰal, *sʰoːlʔ |
| 侳 | *ʔsal, *ʔsoːls |
| 挫 | *ʔsoːls |
| 夎 | *ʔsoːls |
| 遳 | *sʰloːl |
| 銼 | *sʰoːls, *zoːl, *zoːɡ |
| 剉 | *sʰoːls |
| 莝 | *sʰoːls |
| 趖 | *soːl |
| 矬 | *zoːl |
| 痤 | *zoːl |
| 睉 | *zoːl |
| 坐 | *zoːlʔ, *zoːls |
| 座 | *zoːls |
| 髽 | *ʔsroːl |
Ideogrammic compound (會意) : 留 (“to stay”) + 土 (“ground”).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄗㄨㄛˋ
- Wade-Giles: tso4
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzuoh
- IPA (key): /t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹/
-
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: co5, zo6
- Yale: chóh, joh
- Cantonese Pinyin: tso5, dzo6
- IPA (key): /t͡sʰɔː¹³/, /t͡sɔː²²/
- Note: co5 - vernacular; zo6 - literary.
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: to1
- IPA (key): /tʰᵘɔ³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhô
- Hakka Romanization System: co´
- Hagfa Pinyim: co1
- IPA: /t͡sʰo²⁴/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: sô̤i
- IPA (key): /sɔy²⁴²/
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan, Magong, Taichung)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chē
- Tâi-lô: tsē
- Phofsit Daibuun: ze
- IPA (Xiamen): /t͡se²²/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡se²²/
- IPA (Taipei): /t͡se³³/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡se³³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Lukang)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chěr
- Tâi-lô: tsěr
- IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sə²²/
- (Hokkien: Sanxia, Kinmen, Hsinchu)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chēr
- Tâi-lô: tsēr
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chǒ
- Tâi-lô: tsǒ
- IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sɤ²²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, mainstream Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chō
- Tâi-lô: tsō
- Phofsit Daibuun: zoi
- IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sɤ²²/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sɤ²²/
- IPA (Taipei): /t͡so³³/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sɤ³³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chǒ͘
- Tâi-lô: tsǒo
- IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sɔ²²/
- Note: chē/chěr/chēr, chǒ - vernacular; chō/chǒ͘ - literary.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: zo6
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsŏ
- IPA (key): /t͡so³⁵/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan, Magong, Taichung)
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: zu (T3)
- IPA (key): /z̻v̩ʷ²³/
- (Shanghainese)
- Dialectal data▼
| Variety | Location | 坐 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /t͡suo⁵¹/ |
| Harbin | /t͡suo⁵³/ | |
| Tianjin | /t͡suo⁵³/ | |
| Jinan | /t͡suə²¹/ | |
| Qingdao | /t͡suə⁴²/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /t͡suo³¹²/ | |
| Xi'an | /t͡suo⁴⁴/ | |
| Xining | /t͡su²¹³/ | |
| Yinchuan | /t͡suə¹³/ | |
| Lanzhou | /t͡suə¹³/ | |
| Ürümqi | /t͡suɤ²¹³/ | |
| Wuhan | /t͡suo³⁵/ | |
| Chengdu | /t͡so¹³/ | |
| Guiyang | /t͡so²¹³/ | |
| Kunming | /t͡so²¹²/ | |
| Nanjing | /t͡so⁴⁴/ | |
| Hefei | /t͡sʊ⁵³/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡suɤ⁴⁵/ |
| Pingyao |
/t͡ɕye̞³⁵/ /t͡suə³⁵/ |
|
| Hohhot | /t͡suɤ⁵⁵/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /zu²³/ |
| Suzhou | /zəu³¹/ | |
| Hangzhou | /d͡zo¹³/ | |
| Wenzhou | /zo³⁵/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /t͡sʰo³⁵/ |
| Tunxi | /t͡sʰo²⁴/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha |
/t͡so⁵⁵/ /t͡so¹¹/ |
| Xiangtan | /d͡zo²¹/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /t͡sʰo²¹/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /t͡sʰo⁴⁴/ |
| Taoyuan | /t͡sʰo²⁴/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou |
/t͡sɔ²²/ /t͡sʰɔ²³/ |
| Nanning | /t͡sʰɔ²⁴/ | |
| Hong Kong |
/t͡sɔ²²/ /t͡sʰɔ¹³/ |
|
| Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) |
/t͡so²²/ /t͡se²²/ |
| Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /sɔy²⁴²/ | |
| Jian'ou (Min Bei) | /t͡so⁴⁴/ | |
| Shantou (Min Nan) | /t͡so³⁵/ | |
| Haikou (Min Nan) | /t͡se³³/ |
| Rime | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 坐 | 坐 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 從 (15) | 從 (15) |
| Final (韻) | 戈 (95) | 戈 (95) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Closed |
| Division (等) | I | I |
| Fanqie | 徂果切 | 徂卧切 |
| Reconstructions | ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/d͡zuɑX/ | /d͡zuɑH/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/d͡zuɑX/ | /d͡zuɑH/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/d͡zuɑX/ | /d͡zuɑH/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/d͡zwaX/ | /d͡zwaH/ |
| Li Rong |
/d͡zuɑX/ | /d͡zuɑH/ |
| Wang Li |
/d͡zuɑX/ | /d͡zuɑH/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/d͡zʱuɑX/ | /d͡zʱuɑH/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
zuò | zuò |
- Old Chinese▼
- (Baxter-Sagart): /*[dz]ˤo[j]ʔ/, /*m-[dz]ˤo[j]ʔ/, /*[dz]ˤo[j]ʔ-s/
- (Zhengzhang): /*zoːlʔ/, /*zoːls/
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Character | 坐 | 坐 | 坐 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 2/3 | 3/3 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
zuò | zuò | zuò |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ dzwaX › | ‹ dzwaX › | ‹ dzwaH › |
| Old Chinese |
/*[dz]ˤo[j]ʔ/ | /*m-[dz]ˤo[j]ʔ/ | /*[dz]ˤo[j]ʔ-s/ |
| English | sit | to set | seat n. |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |||
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 坐 | 坐 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 18064 | 18065 |
| Phonetic component |
坐 | 坐 |
| Rime group |
歌 | 歌 |
| Rime subdivision |
3 | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
坐 | |
| Old Chinese |
/*zoːlʔ/ | /*zoːls/ |
Definitions
坐
- to sit; to take a seat
- 坐下 ― zuòxià ― to sit down
- to go by; to travel by; to ride
- Alternative form of 座 (zuò, “seat”).
- to bear fruit
- (literary) because of; on the ground of
See also
- 上 (shàng, “to board”)
Compounds
Derived terms from 坐
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Japanese
Kanji
坐
(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Readings
Compounds
Korean
Hanja
坐 • (jwa) (hangeul 좌)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Vietnamese
Han character
坐 (tọa, ngồi, toà, toạ)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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