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Definition 2024
敢
敢
Translingual
Han character
敢 (radical 66 攴+7 in Chinese, 攴+8 in Japanese, in Chinese 11 strokes, in Japanese 12 strokes, cangjie input 一十人大 (MJOK) or 弓十人大 (NJOK), four-corner 18140, composition ⿰⿱丅耳攵)
Related characters
References
- KangXi: page 472, character 26
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13260
- Dae Jaweon: page 825, character 13
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1463, character 9
- Unihan data for U+6562
Chinese
|
simp. and trad. |
敢 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph origin
| Characters in the same phonetic series (敢) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 撖 | *kʰɯːm, *kʰreːmʔ, *ɡraːmʔ |
| 澉 | *l̥ʰaːms, *klaːmʔ |
| 噉 | *l'aːmʔ |
| 敢 | *klaːmʔ |
| 橄 | *klaːmʔ |
| 瞰 | *kʰlaːms |
| 闞 | *kʰlaːms, *qʰreːmʔ, *hŋraːms |
| 憨 | *qʰaːm, *qʰlaːms |
| 譀 | *qʰlaːms, *qʰraːms, *qʰraːb |
| 巖 | *ŋraːm |
| 礹 | *ŋraːm, *ŋamʔ |
| 豃 | *qʰraːmʔ |
| 讝 | *kjam |
| 玁 | *hŋramʔ |
| 嚴 | *ŋam |
| 儼 | *ŋamʔ |
| 曮 | *ŋamʔ |
| 釅 | *ŋams |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄍㄢˇ
- Wade-Giles: kan3
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gaan
- IPA (key): /ka̠n²¹⁴/
-
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: gam2
- Yale: gám
- Cantonese Pinyin: gam2
- IPA (key): /kɐm³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kám
- Hakka Romanization System: gam`
- Hagfa Pinyim: gam3
- IPA: /kam³¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: káⁿ / kám
- Tâi-lô: kánn / kám
- Phofsit Daibuun: kvar, karm
- IPA (Xiamen): /kã⁵³/, /kam⁵³/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /kã⁵⁵⁴/, /kam⁵⁵⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /kã⁵³/, /kam⁵³/
- IPA (Taipei): /kã⁵³/, /kam⁵³/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /kã⁴¹/, /kam⁴¹/
- Note: káⁿ - vernacular; kám - literary.
- (Hokkien)
- Dialectal data▼
| Variety | Location | 敢 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /kan²¹⁴/ |
| Harbin | /kan²¹³/ | |
| Tianjin | /kan¹³/ | |
| Jinan | /kã⁵⁵/ | |
| Qingdao | /kã⁵⁵/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /kan⁵³/ | |
| Xi'an | /kã⁵³/ | |
| Xining | /kã⁵³/ | |
| Yinchuan | /kan⁵³/ | |
| Lanzhou | /kɛ̃n⁴⁴²/ | |
| Ürümqi | /kan⁵¹/ | |
| Wuhan | /kan⁴²/ | |
| Chengdu | /kan⁵³/ | |
| Guiyang | /kan⁴²/ | |
| Kunming | /kã̠⁵³/ | |
| Nanjing | /kaŋ²¹²/ | |
| Hefei | /kæ̃²⁴/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /kæ̃⁵³/ |
| Pingyao | /kɑŋ⁵³/ | |
| Hohhot | /kæ̃⁵³/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /kø³⁵/ |
| Suzhou | /kø⁵¹/ | |
| Hangzhou | /kẽ̞⁵³/ | |
| Wenzhou | /ky³⁵/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /kɛ³⁵/ |
| Tunxi | /kɛ³¹/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /kan⁴¹/ |
| Xiangtan | /kan⁴²/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /kɵn²¹³/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /kam³¹/ |
| Taoyuan | /kɑm³¹/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /kɐm³⁵/ |
| Nanning | /kam³⁵/ | |
| Hong Kong | /kɐm³⁵/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) |
/kam⁵³/ /kã⁵³/ |
| Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /kaŋ³²/ | |
| Jian'ou (Min Bei) | /kɔŋ²¹/ | |
| Shantou (Min Nan) | /kã⁵³/ | |
| Haikou (Min Nan) | /ka²¹³/ |
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 敢 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 談 (143) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 古覽切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/kɑmX/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/kɑmX/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/kɑmX/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/kamX/ |
| Li Rong |
/kɑmX/ |
| Wang Li |
/kɑmX/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/kɑmX/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
gǎn |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 敢 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
gǎn |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ kamX › |
| Old Chinese |
/*[k]ˤamʔ/ |
| English | dare |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 敢 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 3674 |
| Phonetic component |
敢 |
| Rime group |
談 |
| Rime subdivision |
1 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
敢 |
| Old Chinese |
/*klaːmʔ/ |
| Notes | 說文從爪又，古聲，金文從爭甘聲，此爲隸變 |
Definitions
敢
- to dare (to); to venture (to)
- 我們必須敢想，敢說，敢幹。 [MSC, trad.]
- 我们必须敢想，敢说，敢干。 [MSC, simp.]
- Wǒmen bìxū gǎn xiǎng, gǎn shuō, gǎn gàn. [Pinyin]
- We must dare to think, speak up and act.
- 他不敢正眼看她。 ― Tā bù gǎn zhèng yǎnkàn tā. ― He didn't dare to look at her in the face.
- 在那個風雨交加的夜晚，很少有人敢出去。 [MSC, trad.]
- 在那个风雨交加的夜晚，很少有人敢出去。 [MSC, simp.]
- Zài nà ge fēngyǔ jiāojiā de yèwǎn, hěn shào yǒurén gǎn chūqù. [Pinyin]
- Very few people ventured to go out on that stormy night.
- 你敢坐飛機飛行嗎？ [MSC, trad.]
- 你敢坐飞机飞行吗？ [MSC, simp.]
- Nǐ gǎn zuò fēijī fēixíng ma? [Pinyin]
- Will you venture a flight in an air plane?
- to be sure; to be certain
- bold; brave
Compounds
Japanese
Kanji
敢
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Readings
Compounds
- 敢行
- 敢然
- 敢闘