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Definition 2024

念

念

See also: 唸

Translingual

Han character

念 (radical 61 心+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 人戈弓心 (OINP), four-corner 80332, composition ⿱今心)

Derived characters

References

  • KangXi: page 378, character 21
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10390
  • Dae Jaweon: page 706, character 21
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2274, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+5FF5

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 念
Bronze inscriptions Large seal script Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (今) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
貪 *kʰluːm'
嗿 *l̥ʰuːmʔ
僋 *l̥ʰuːms, *luːms
酓 *qʰɯːm, *qlamʔ, *qlɯːms
馠 *qʰɯːm
谽 *qʰɯːm
唅 *qʰɯːm, *ɡɯːms
含 *ɡɯːm
肣 *ɡɯːm, *ɡɯːmʔ
頷 *ɡɯːm, *ɡɯːmʔ
筨 *ɡɯːm
梒 *ɡɯːm
鋡 *ɡɯːm
莟 *ɡɯːmʔ, *ɡɯːms
琀 *ɡɯːms
浛 *ɡɯːms
盦 *qɯːm, *qaːb
韽 *qɯːm, *qrɯːms
玪 *krɯːm
妗 *qʰrɯːm, *kʰjam, *qʰlɯːm, *ɡrɯms
欦 *qʰrɯːmʔ, *qʰram, *kʰlam, *kʰlamʔ, *qʰlɯːm
黔 *ɡram, *ɡrɯm
鈐 *ɡram
鳹 *ɡram
雂 *ɡram, *ɡrɯm
念 *nɯːms
梣 *sɡɯm, *sɡrɯm
枔 *sɢrɯm
岑 *sɡrɯm
笒 *sɡrɯm, *ɡrɯms
涔 *sɡrɯm
侺 *ɡjɯms
今 *krɯm
黅 *krɯm
衿 *krɯm
衾 *kʰrɯm
坅 *kʰrɯmʔ
搇 *kʰrɯms
琴 *ɡrɯm
禽 *ɡrɯm
芩 *ɡrɯm
庈 *ɡrɯm
耹 *ɡrɯm
靲 *ɡrɯm
擒 *ɡrɯm
檎 *ɡrɯm
紟 *ɡrɯms
吟 *ŋɡrɯm, *ŋɡrɯms
訡 *ŋɡrɯm
廞 *qʰrɯm, *qʰrɯmʔ
陰 *qrɯm
霠 *qrɯm
飲 *qrɯmʔ, *qrɯms
蔭 *qrɯms
廕 *qrɯms
矜 *ɡrɯn, *ɡɯn, *kɯŋ

Etymology 1

simp. and trad.
 念

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-njam. Cognate with Tibetan ཉམ ‎(nyam), ཉམས ‎(nyams, “soul, mind, heart”), སྙམ་པ ‎(snyam pa, “to think, to feel”) (Quan, 1996). Related to 恁 (OC *njɯm, *njɯmʔ, “to think, to miss”).

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 念
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 泥 (8)
Final (韻) 添 (157)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) IV
Fanqie 奴店切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /nemH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /nemH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /nɛmH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /nɛmH/
Li
Rong		 /nemH/
Wang
Li		 /niemH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /niemH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 niàn
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 念
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 niàn
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ nemH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*nˤim-s/
English think of

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 念
Reading # 1/1
No. 6588
Phonetic
component		 今
Rime
group		 侵
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 念
Old
Chinese		 /*nɯːms/
Notes 或以心含會意

Definitions

念

  1. to miss; to long for; to think of; to recall
  2. to consider; to contemplate
  3. Alternative form of 唸／念 (niàn, “to read aloud; to read out”).
  4. to study; to learn
  5. Alternative form of 廿 (niàn, “twenty”).
  6. to worry; to be anxious about
  7. to feel compassion for; to pity
  8. to show tender affection for
  9. to commemorate; to memorialise; to pay tribute to
  10. idea; thought
  11. (Buddhism) memory
  12. A surname​.

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 念 – see 唸 (“to read aloud”).
(This character, 念, is the simplified form of 唸.)
Notes:

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

念

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

Noun

念 ‎(hiragana ねん, romaji nen)

  1. sense
  2. feeling

Compounds

  • 念仏 (ねんぶつ, nenbutsu)
  • 四念処 (しねんじょ, shinenjo) : Maha SatiPatthana

Korean

Hanja

念 • ‎(nyeom>yeom) (hangeul 념>염, McCune-Reischauer nyŏm>yŏm, Yale nyem>yem)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

念 (niệm, niềm, núm)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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