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Definition 2024

含

含

含 U+542B, 含
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-542B
← 吪
[U+542A] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 听 →
[U+542C]

Translingual

Han character

含 (radical 30 口+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 人戈弓口 (OINR), four-corner 80602, composition ⿱今口)

  1. hold in mouth
  2. cherish
  3. contain

References

  • KangXi: page 178, character 14
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3350
  • Dae Jaweon: page 395, character 19
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 592, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+542B

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 含

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 含
Bronze inscriptions Bamboo and silk script Large seal script Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (今) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
貪 *kʰluːm'
嗿 *l̥ʰuːmʔ
僋 *l̥ʰuːms, *luːms
酓 *qʰɯːm, *qlamʔ, *qlɯːms
馠 *qʰɯːm
谽 *qʰɯːm
唅 *qʰɯːm, *ɡɯːms
含 *ɡɯːm
肣 *ɡɯːm, *ɡɯːmʔ
頷 *ɡɯːm, *ɡɯːmʔ
筨 *ɡɯːm
梒 *ɡɯːm
鋡 *ɡɯːm
莟 *ɡɯːmʔ, *ɡɯːms
琀 *ɡɯːms
浛 *ɡɯːms
盦 *qɯːm, *qaːb
韽 *qɯːm, *qrɯːms
玪 *krɯːm
妗 *qʰrɯːm, *kʰjam, *qʰlɯːm, *ɡrɯms
欦 *qʰrɯːmʔ, *qʰram, *kʰlam, *kʰlamʔ, *qʰlɯːm
黔 *ɡram, *ɡrɯm
鈐 *ɡram
鳹 *ɡram
雂 *ɡram, *ɡrɯm
念 *nɯːms
梣 *sɡɯm, *sɡrɯm
枔 *sɢrɯm
岑 *sɡrɯm
笒 *sɡrɯm, *ɡrɯms
涔 *sɡrɯm
侺 *ɡjɯms
今 *krɯm
黅 *krɯm
衿 *krɯm
衾 *kʰrɯm
坅 *kʰrɯmʔ
搇 *kʰrɯms
琴 *ɡrɯm
禽 *ɡrɯm
芩 *ɡrɯm
庈 *ɡrɯm
耹 *ɡrɯm
靲 *ɡrɯm
擒 *ɡrɯm
檎 *ɡrɯm
紟 *ɡrɯms
吟 *ŋɡrɯm, *ŋɡrɯms
訡 *ŋɡrɯm
廞 *qʰrɯm, *qʰrɯmʔ
陰 *qrɯm
霠 *qrɯm
飲 *qrɯmʔ, *qrɯms
蔭 *qrɯms
廕 *qrɯms
矜 *ɡrɯn, *ɡɯn, *kɯŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɡɯːm) : phonetic 今 ‎(OC *krɯm) + semantic 口 ‎(“mouth”).

Pronunciation

  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 含
Mandarin Beijing /xan³⁵/
Harbin /xan²⁴/
Tianjin /xan⁴⁵/
Jinan /xã⁴²/
Qingdao /xã⁴²/
Zhengzhou /xan⁴²/
Xi'an /xã²⁴/
Xining /xã²⁴/
Yinchuan /xan⁵³/
Lanzhou /xɛ̃n⁵³/
Ürümqi /xan⁵¹/
Wuhan /xan²¹³/
Chengdu /xan³¹/
Guiyang /xan²¹/
Kunming /xã̠³¹/
Nanjing /xaŋ²⁴/
Hefei /xæ̃⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /xæ̃¹¹/
Pingyao /xɑŋ¹³/
Hohhot /xæ̃³¹/
Wu Shanghai /ɦø²³/
Suzhou /ɦø¹³/
Hangzhou /ɦẽ̞²¹³/
Wenzhou /ɦø³¹/
/gaŋ³¹/
Hui Shexian /xɛ⁴⁴/
/kʰɛ⁴⁴/
Tunxi
Xiang Changsha /xan¹³/
Xiangtan /ɦan¹²/
Gan Nanchang /hɵn²⁴/
Hakka Meixian /ham¹¹/
Taoyuan /hɑm¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /hɐm²¹/
Nanning /hɐm²¹/
Hong Kong /hɐm²¹/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /ham³⁵/
/kam³⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /kaŋ⁵³/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /aŋ²¹/
Shantou (Min Nan) /ham⁵⁵/
/kam⁵⁵/
Haikou (Min Nan) /ham³¹/
/kam³¹/
Rime
Character 含
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 匣 (33)
Final (韻) 覃 (159)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 胡男切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ɦʌm/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ɦəm/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ɣɒm/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ɦəm/
Li
Rong		 /ɣᴀm/
Wang
Li		 /ɣɒm/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ɣăm/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 hán
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 含 含
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 hán hán
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ hom › ‹ homH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*Cə-m-kˤ[ə]m/ /*Cə-m-[k]ˤ[ə]m-s/
English hold in the mouth to put in the mouth

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 含
Reading # 1/1
No. 6560
Phonetic
component		 今
Rime
group		 侵
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 含
Old
Chinese		 /*ɡɯːm/

Definitions

含

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Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

含

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

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Readings

Korean

Hanja

含 • ‎(ham) (hangeul 함, revised ham, McCune-Reischauer ham)

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Vietnamese

Han character

含 (hàm)

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