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Definition 2024

琴

琴

See also: 琹 and 珡

Translingual

Han character

琴 (radical 96 玉+8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 一土人戈弓 (MGOIN), four-corner 11207, composition ⿱玨今)

  1. guqin (Chinese seven-stringed zither, historical and original usage)
  2. piano (modern usage, most commonly used meaning)
  3. zither
  4. string instrument (can apply to zithers or lutes)
  5. musical instrument (for example, 手风琴 [accordion])

References

  • KangXi: page 735, character 11
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 21079
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1147, character 8
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1119, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+7434

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 琴

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (今) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
貪 *kʰluːm'
嗿 *l̥ʰuːmʔ
僋 *l̥ʰuːms, *luːms
酓 *qʰɯːm, *qlamʔ, *qlɯːms
馠 *qʰɯːm
谽 *qʰɯːm
唅 *qʰɯːm, *ɡɯːms
含 *ɡɯːm
肣 *ɡɯːm, *ɡɯːmʔ
頷 *ɡɯːm, *ɡɯːmʔ
筨 *ɡɯːm
梒 *ɡɯːm
鋡 *ɡɯːm
莟 *ɡɯːmʔ, *ɡɯːms
琀 *ɡɯːms
浛 *ɡɯːms
盦 *qɯːm, *qaːb
韽 *qɯːm, *qrɯːms
玪 *krɯːm
妗 *qʰrɯːm, *kʰjam, *qʰlɯːm, *ɡrɯms
欦 *qʰrɯːmʔ, *qʰram, *kʰlam, *kʰlamʔ, *qʰlɯːm
黔 *ɡram, *ɡrɯm
鈐 *ɡram
鳹 *ɡram
雂 *ɡram, *ɡrɯm
念 *nɯːms
梣 *sɡɯm, *sɡrɯm
枔 *sɢrɯm
岑 *sɡrɯm
笒 *sɡrɯm, *ɡrɯms
涔 *sɡrɯm
侺 *ɡjɯms
今 *krɯm
黅 *krɯm
衿 *krɯm
衾 *kʰrɯm
坅 *kʰrɯmʔ
搇 *kʰrɯms
琴 *ɡrɯm
禽 *ɡrɯm
芩 *ɡrɯm
庈 *ɡrɯm
耹 *ɡrɯm
靲 *ɡrɯm
擒 *ɡrɯm
檎 *ɡrɯm
紟 *ɡrɯms
吟 *ŋɡrɯm, *ŋɡrɯms
訡 *ŋɡrɯm
廞 *qʰrɯm, *qʰrɯmʔ
陰 *qrɯm
霠 *qrɯm
飲 *qrɯmʔ, *qrɯms
蔭 *qrɯms
廕 *qrɯms
矜 *ɡrɯn, *ɡɯn, *kɯŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɡrɯm) : semantic 玨 + phonetic 今 ‎(OC *krɯm).

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 琴
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 群 (30)
Final (韻) 侵 (140)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) Chongniu III
Fanqie 巨金切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ɡˠiɪm/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ɡᵚim/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ɡiem/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /gjim/
Li
Rong		 /ɡjəm/
Wang
Li		 /ɡĭĕm/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /gi̯əm/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 qín
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 琴
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 qín
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ gim ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[C.ɢ](r)[ə]m/
English lute

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 琴
Reading # 1/1
No. 6605
Phonetic
component		 今
Rime
group		 侵
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 琴
Old
Chinese		 /*ɡrɯm/

Noun

琴

  1. zither
  2. a stringed instrument

Verb

琴

  1. † to play the zither
    象往入舜宮，舜在床琴。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
    象往入舜宫，舜在床琴。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
    From: 孟子《萬章上》
    Xiàng wǎng rù Shùn gōng, Shùn zài chuáng qín. [Pinyin]
    Xiang entered Shun's room, and found Shun on his bed playing the zither.

Derived terms

Descendants

References

References

  1. ↑ Myanmar-English Dictionary (1993, Myanmar Language Commission; republished 1996, Dunwoody Press)

Japanese

Noun

琴 ‎(hiragana こと, romaji koto)

  1. Japanese zither/harp; koto

Kanji

琴

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

Compounds

  • 琴線
  • 琴柱
  • 琴爪
  • 琴曲
  • 竪琴
  • 大正琴
  • 洋琴
  • 木琴

Korean

Hanja

琴 • ‎(geum) (hangeul 금, revised geum, McCune-Reischauer kŭm, Yale kum)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Compounds

Vietnamese

Han character

琴 (cầm)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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