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Definition 2024


Translingual

Han character

(radical 164 +4, 11 strokes, cangjie input 人戈弓田 (OINW), four-corner 80601, composition)

  1. bitter (beverage)

References

  • KangXi: page 1281, character 11
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 39786
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1781, character 9
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 6, page 3576, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+9153

Chinese

simp. and trad.

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character
Oracle bone script Bamboo and silk script Large seal script Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series () (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
*kʰluːm'
*l̥ʰuːmʔ
*l̥ʰuːms, *luːms
*qʰɯːm, *qlamʔ, *qlɯːms
*qʰɯːm
*qʰɯːm
*qʰɯːm, *ɡɯːms
*ɡɯːm
*ɡɯːm, *ɡɯːmʔ
*ɡɯːm, *ɡɯːmʔ
*ɡɯːm
*ɡɯːm
*ɡɯːm
*ɡɯːmʔ, *ɡɯːms
*ɡɯːms
*ɡɯːms
*qɯːm, *qaːb
*qɯːm, *qrɯːms
*krɯːm
*qʰrɯːm, *kʰjam, *qʰlɯːm, *ɡrɯms
*qʰrɯːmʔ, *qʰram, *kʰlam, *kʰlamʔ, *qʰlɯːm
*ɡram, *ɡrɯm
*ɡram
*ɡram
*ɡram, *ɡrɯm
*nɯːms
*sɡɯm, *sɡrɯm
*sɢrɯm
*sɡrɯm
*sɡrɯm, *ɡrɯms
*sɡrɯm
*ɡjɯms
*krɯm
*krɯm
*krɯm
*kʰrɯm
*kʰrɯmʔ
*kʰrɯms
*ɡrɯm
*ɡrɯm
*ɡrɯm
*ɡrɯm
*ɡrɯm
*ɡrɯm
*ɡrɯm
*ɡrɯm
*ɡrɯms
*ŋɡrɯm, *ŋɡrɯms
*ŋɡrɯm
*qʰrɯm, *qʰrɯmʔ
*qrɯm
*qrɯm
*qrɯmʔ, *qrɯms
*qrɯms
*qrɯms
*ɡrɯn, *ɡɯn, *kɯŋ

Pronunciation



Rime
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial () (34) (34)
Final () (153) (157)
Tone (調) Rising (X) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division () III IV
Fanqie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ʔiᴇmX/ /ʔemH/
Pan
Wuyun
/ʔiɛmX/ /ʔemH/
Shao
Rongfen
/ʔjæmX/ /ʔɛmH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ʔiamX/ /ʔɛmH/
Li
Rong
/ʔiɛmX/ /ʔemH/
Wang
Li
/ĭɛmX/ /iemH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ʔi̯ɛmX/ /ʔiemH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
yǎn yàn
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/3 2/3 3/3
No. 6556 6585 6591
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1 2 1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*qʰɯːm/ /*qlamʔ/ /*qlɯːms/

Japanese

Kanji

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

  1. bitter

Readings


Korean

Hanja

(yeom) (hangeul , revised yeom, McCune-Reischauer yŏm)

  1. bitter (wine)