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Definition 2024
泥
泥
Translingual
Han character
泥 (radical 85 水+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 水尸心 (ESP), four-corner 37111, composition ⿰氵尼)
References
- KangXi: page 617, character 11
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17311
- Dae Jaweon: page 1012, character 8
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 3, page 1595, character 8
- Unihan data for U+6CE5
Chinese
|
simp. and trad. |
泥 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 泥
|
|---|
| Small seal script |
 |
| Characters in the same phonetic series (尼) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 泥 | *niːl, *niːls |
| 屔 | *niːl |
| 苨 | *niːlʔ |
| 坭 | *niːlʔ |
| 迡 | *niːls |
| 埿 | *braːms, *niːl, *niːls |
| 旎 | *nilʔ |
| 狔 | *nilʔ |
| 抳 | *nilʔ |
| 尼 | *nil |
| 呢 | *nil |
| 怩 | *nil |
| 柅 | *nil, *nilʔ |
| 蚭 | *nil |
| 跜 | *nil |
| 秜 | *nil |
| 痆 | *rniːd |
| 昵 | *niɡ |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄋㄧˊ
- Wade-Giles: nih2
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ni
- IPA (key): /ni³⁵/
-
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄋㄧˋ
- Wade-Giles: nih4
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nih
- IPA (key): /ni⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄋㄧˇ
- Wade-Giles: nih3
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nii
- IPA (key): /ni²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄋㄧㄝˋ
- Wade-Giles: nieh4
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nieh
- IPA (key): /ni̯ɛ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: nai4, nei6
- Yale: nàih, neih
- Cantonese Pinyin: nai4, nei6
- IPA (key): /nɐi̯²¹/, /nei̯²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: nài / nì
- Hakka Romanization System: naiˇ / niˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: nai2 / ni2
- IPA: /na̯i¹¹/, /ni¹¹/
- Note: nài - colloquial; nì - literary.
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: nî
- Tâi-lô: nî
- Phofsit Daibuun: nii
- IPA (Xiamen): /ni²⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /ni²⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /ni¹³/
- IPA (Taipei): /ni²⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /ni²³/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: ni5
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: nî
- IPA (key): /ni⁵⁵/
- (Hokkien)
- Dialectal data▼
| Variety | Location | 泥 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ni³⁵/ |
| Harbin | /ni²⁴/ | |
| Tianjin | /ni⁴⁵/ | |
| Jinan | /ȵi⁴²/ | |
| Qingdao |
/ni⁴²/ /mi⁴²/ |
|
| Zhengzhou | /ni⁴²/ | |
| Xi'an | /ni²⁴/ | |
| Xining | /mji²⁴/ | |
| Yinchuan |
/mi⁵³/ /ni⁵³/ |
|
| Lanzhou | /ȵi⁵³/ | |
| Ürümqi | /ȵi⁵¹/ | |
| Wuhan | /ni²¹³/ | |
| Chengdu | /ȵi³¹/ | |
| Guiyang | /ni²¹/ | |
| Kunming | /ni³¹/ | |
| Nanjing | /li²⁴/ | |
| Hefei | /mz̩⁵⁵/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan |
/ni¹¹/ ～皮 /ni⁴⁵/ ～匠 |
| Pingyao |
/ȵi¹³/ ～牆牆 /ȵi³⁵/ ～匠 |
|
| Hohhot | /ni³¹/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ȵi²³/ |
| Suzhou | /ȵi¹³/ | |
| Hangzhou | /ȵi²¹³/ | |
| Wenzhou | /ȵi³¹/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /ni⁴⁴/ |
| Tunxi | /ȵie⁴⁴/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /ȵi¹³/ |
| Xiangtan | /ȵi¹²/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /ȵi⁴⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian |
/nai¹¹/ /ni¹¹/ |
| Taoyuan | /nɑi¹¹/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /nɐi²¹/ |
| Nanning | /nɐi²¹/ | |
| Hong Kong | /nɐi²¹/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) |
/ne³⁵/ /ni³⁵/ |
| Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /nɛ⁵³/ | |
| Jian'ou (Min Bei) |
/ni²¹/ /nai³³/ |
|
| Shantou (Min Nan) | /nĩ⁵⁵/ | |
| Haikou (Min Nan) | /ni³¹/ |
| Rime | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 泥 | 泥 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 泥 (8) | 泥 (8) |
| Final (韻) | 齊 (39) | 齊 (39) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | IV | IV |
| Fanqie | 奴低切 | 奴計切 |
| Reconstructions | ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/nei/ | /neiH/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/nei/ | /neiH/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/nɛi/ | /nɛiH/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/nɛj/ | /nɛjH/ |
| Li Rong |
/nei/ | /neiH/ |
| Wang Li |
/niei/ | /nieiH/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/niei/ | /nieiH/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
ní | nì |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 泥 | 泥 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
ní | ní |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ nej › | ‹ nejH › |
| Old Chinese |
/*C.nˤ[əj]/ | /*nˤər(ʔ)-s/ |
| English | mud | impeded, obstructed (Lunyu) |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | ||
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 泥 | 泥 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 9417 | 9421 |
| Phonetic component |
尼 | 尼 |
| Rime group |
脂 | 脂 |
| Rime subdivision |
1 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
泥 | 泥 |
| Old Chinese |
/*niːl/ | /*niːls/ |
Definitions
泥
- dirt
- mud
- clay
References
- (Hakka) Lau, Chun-fat. Hakka Pinyin Dictionary (Chinese). Hong Kong: The Chinese University Press, 1997 (Chinese IME supplement) ISBN 962-201-750-9.
- (Min Nan) Taiwan Min Nan Common Words Dictionary (臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典)