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Definition 2024
白
白
Translingual
| Stroke order | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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Han character
白 (radical 106 白+0, 5 strokes, cangjie input 竹日 (HA), four-corner 26000, composition ⿱丿日)
- Kangxi radical #106, ⽩ (“white”).
Derived characters
References
- KangXi: page 785, character 1
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 22678
- Dae Jaweon: page 1196, character 1
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2642, character 1
- Unihan data for U+767D
Chinese
|
simp. and trad. |
白 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 白
| |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Large seal script | Small seal script |
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| Characters in the same phonetic series (白) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 怕 | *pʰraːɡs, *pʰraːɡ |
| 帕 | *pʰraːɡs, *mbraːd |
| 粕 | *pʰaːɡ, *pʰraːɡ |
| 胉 | *pʰaːɡ |
| 泊 | *baːɡ |
| 箔 | *baːɡ |
| 魄 | *tʰaːɡ, *pʰraːɡ |
| 皕 | *prɯɡ |
| 伯 | *praːɡ |
| 百 | *praːɡ |
| 迫 | *praːɡ |
| 敀 | *praːɡ, *pʰraːɡ |
| 柏 | *praːɡ |
| 湐 | *praːɡ |
| 拍 | *pʰraːɡ |
| 珀 | *pʰraːɡ |
| 皛 | *pʰraːɡ, *ɡeːwʔ |
| 洦 | *mpʰraːɡ, *mbraːɡ |
| 白 | *braːɡ |
| 帛 | *braːɡ |
| 舶 | *braːɡ |
| 鮊 | *braːɡ |
| 陌 | *mbraːɡ |
| 帞 | *mbraːɡ |
| 袹 | *mbraːɡ |
| 蛨 | *mbraːɡ |
| 貊 | *mbraːɡ |
| 佰 | *mbraːɡ |
| 銆 | *mbraːɡ |
| 碧 | *praɡ, *preɡ |
| 咟 | *ɦmreːɡ |
Pictogram (象形) – originally an acorn. The character acquired its current meaning of white from the color of the acorn’s flesh. The original meaning has been lost. (Compare 自 – originally “nose”, now “self”.)
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): baak6
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): pha̍k
- Min Nan (POJ): pe̍h / pe̍k
- Wu (Wiktionary): baq (T5)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄅㄞˊ
- Wade-Giles: pai2
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bair
- IPA (key): /paɪ̯³⁵/
-
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄅㄛˊ
- Wade-Giles: po2
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bor
- IPA (key): /pu̯ɔ³⁵/
- Note: bó - extremely limited in usage, previously used in the name Li Bai (李白).
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: baak6
- Yale: baahk
- Cantonese Pinyin: baak9
- IPA (key): /pɑːk̚²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pha̍k
- Hakka Romanization System: pag
- Hagfa Pinyim: pag6
- IPA: /pʰak̚⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pe̍h / pe̍k
- Tâi-lô: pe̍h / pi̍k
- Phofsit Daibuun: peh, pek
- IPA (Xiamen): /peʔ⁴/, /piɪk̚⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /peʔ²⁴/, /piɪk̚²⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /peʔ¹²¹/, /piɪk̚¹²¹/
- IPA (Taipei): /peʔ⁴/, /piɪk̚⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /peʔ⁴/, /piɪk̚⁴/
- Note: pe̍h - vernacular (by itself and in most compounds), pe̍k - literary (in a few compounds).
- (Hokkien)
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: baq (T5)
- IPA (key): /b̻ᴀʔ¹²/
- (Shanghainese)
- Dialectal data▼
| Variety | Location | 白 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /pai³⁵/ |
| Harbin | /pai²⁴/ | |
| Tianjin | /pai⁴⁵/ | |
| Jinan | /pei²¹³/ | |
| Qingdao | /pe⁴²/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /pɛ⁴²/ | |
| Xi'an | /pei²⁴/ | |
| Xining | /pɨ²⁴/ | |
| Yinchuan |
/pia¹³/ /pɛ¹³/ |
|
| Lanzhou | /pə⁵³/ | |
| Ürümqi |
/pai⁵¹/ /pei⁵¹/ |
|
| Wuhan | /pɤ²¹³/ | |
| Chengdu | /pe³¹/ | |
| Guiyang | /pɛ²¹/ | |
| Kunming | /pə³¹/ | |
| Nanjing | /pəʔ⁵/ | |
| Hefei | /pɐʔ⁵/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan |
/pai¹¹/ /piəʔ⁵⁴/ |
| Pingyao |
/piʌʔ⁵³/ ～的 /pæ¹³/ ～菜 |
|
| Hohhot | /pɛ³¹/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /baʔ¹/ |
| Suzhou | /bɑʔ³/ | |
| Hangzhou | /bɑʔ²/ | |
| Wenzhou | /ba²¹³/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /pʰɛ²²/ |
| Tunxi | /pʰa¹¹/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /pə²⁴/ |
| Xiangtan | /pæ²⁴/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /pʰɑʔ²/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /pʰak̚⁵/ |
| Taoyuan | /pʰɑk̚⁵⁵/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /pak̚²/ |
| Nanning | /pak̚²²/ | |
| Hong Kong | /pak̚²/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) |
/pik̚⁵/ /peʔ⁵/ |
| Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /paʔ⁵/ | |
| Jian'ou (Min Bei) |
/pa⁴⁴/ /pɛ⁴²/ |
|
| Shantou (Min Nan) | /peʔ⁵/ | |
| Haikou (Min Nan) |
/ʔbɔk̚⁵/ /ʔbɛ³⁵/ |
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 白 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 並 (3) |
| Final (韻) | 陌 (113) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 傍陌切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/bˠæk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/bᵚak̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/bak̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/baɨjk̚/ |
| Li Rong |
/bɐk̚/ |
| Wang Li |
/bɐk̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/bʱɐk̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
bó |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 白 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
bái |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ bæk › |
| Old Chinese |
/*bˤrak/ |
| English | white |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 白 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 207 |
| Phonetic component |
白 |
| Rime group |
鐸 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
白 |
| Old Chinese |
/*braːɡ/ |
Definitions
白
- white
- 白色 ― báisè ― white color
- clear; easy to understand
- clear; pure; plain; blank
- vernacular
- reactionary; anti-communist
- in vain; for nothing
- 我們沒有白忙。 / 我们没有白忙。 ― Wǒmen méiyǒu bái máng. ― Our efforts were not in vain.
- 她白等了。 ― Tā bái děng le. ― She waited in vain.
- 他們的血沒有白流。 [MSC, trad.]
- 他们的血没有白流。 [MSC, simp.]
- Tāmen de xuè méiyǒu bái liú. [Pinyin]
- Their blood was not shed in vain.
- 所有的工作都白做了。 [MSC, trad. and simp.]
- Suǒyǒu de gōngzuò dōu bái zuò le. [Pinyin]
- All the work has been done for nothing.
- 白來一趟 / 白来一趟 ― bái lái yītàng ― to come in vain; to come for nothing
- 白給的東西 / 白给的东西 ― báigěi de dōngxī ― something given for nothing
- free of charge; gratuitous; gratis
- to stare coldly; to stare at someone with the white of the eyes
- to explain; to present; to state
- to mispronounce or wrongly write a character
- spoken lines in opera
- dialect
- 蘇白 / 苏白 ― sūbái ― Suzhou dialect
- 京白 ― jīngbái ― Beijing dialect
- Short for 白讀／白读 (báidú, “colloquial reading”).
- funeral
- A surname. Bai
Compounds
Derived terms from 白
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Japanese
Kanji
白
Readings
Compounds
Compounds
|
Etymology 1
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 白 |
|
しろ Grade: 1 |
| kun'yomi |
Pronunciation
Noun
白 (hiragana しろ, romaji shiro)
Derived terms
Derived terms
|
Noun
白 (hiragana しら, romaji shira)
- white, Old Japanese pronunciation, now only seen in compounds
Derived terms
Derived terms
|
Etymology 2
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 白 |
|
はく Grade: 1 |
| on'yomi |
Pronunciation
Noun
Related terms
- 白い (shiroi) (Adjective form)
- 白を切る (shira o kiru)
See also
| Colors in Japanese · 色 (iro) (layout · text) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 赤 (aka) | 緑 (midori) | 黄色 (kiiro) | クリーム色 (kurīmuiro) | 白 (shiro) |
| 深紅 (shinku), クリムゾン (kurimuzon), 紅色 (beniiro), 紅色 (kurenaiiro) |
マゼンタ (mazenta) | ? | 黄緑 (kimidori) | ピンク (pinku), 桃色 (momoiro) |
| ? | 青 (ao) | オレンジ (orenji), 橙色 (daidaiiro) | 灰色 (haiiro), 鼠色 (nezumiiro) |
? |
| 黒 (kuro) | 紫 (murasaki) | 茶色 (chairo), 褐色 (kasshoku) |
水色 (mizuiro) | シアン (shian) |
References
- 1 2 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9
- 1 2 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, ISBN 978-4-14-011112-3