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Definition 2024

百

百

See also: 佰 and 𦣻

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

百 (radical 106 白+1, 6 strokes, cangjie input 一日 (MA), four-corner 10600, composition ⿱一白)

References

  • KangXi: page 785, character 4
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 22679
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1199, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2643, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+767E

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 百
alt. forms 佰 financial
𦣻 archaic

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 百
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Large seal script Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (白) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
怕 *pʰraːɡs, *pʰraːɡ
帕 *pʰraːɡs, *mbraːd
粕 *pʰaːɡ, *pʰraːɡ
胉 *pʰaːɡ
泊 *baːɡ
箔 *baːɡ
魄 *tʰaːɡ, *pʰraːɡ
皕 *prɯɡ
伯 *praːɡ
百 *praːɡ
迫 *praːɡ
敀 *praːɡ, *pʰraːɡ
柏 *praːɡ
湐 *praːɡ
拍 *pʰraːɡ
珀 *pʰraːɡ
皛 *pʰraːɡ, *ɡeːwʔ
洦 *mpʰraːɡ, *mbraːɡ
白 *braːɡ
帛 *braːɡ
舶 *braːɡ
鮊 *braːɡ
陌 *mbraːɡ
帞 *mbraːɡ
袹 *mbraːɡ
蛨 *mbraːɡ
貊 *mbraːɡ
佰 *mbraːɡ
銆 *mbraːɡ
碧 *praɡ, *preɡ
咟 *ɦmreːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *praːɡ) : semantic 一 + phonetic 白 ‎(OC *braːɡ).

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b-r-gja.

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 百
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 幫 (1)
Final (韻) 陌 (113)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 博陌切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /pˠæk̚/
Pan
Wuyun		 /pᵚak̚/
Shao
Rongfen		 /pak̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /paɨjk̚/
Li
Rong		 /pɐk̚/
Wang
Li		 /pɐk̚/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /pɐk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 bo
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 百
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 bǎi
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ pæk ›
Old
Chinese		 /*pˤrak/
English hundred

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 百
Reading # 1/1
No. 194
Phonetic
component		 白
Rime
group		 鐸
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 伯
Old
Chinese		 /*praːɡ/

Definitions

百

  1. hundred
  2. numerous; countless
  3. every; all
  4. entirely; completely; at all
  5. A surname​. Bai (mainland China, Taiwan), Baak, Bak (Hong Kong)

See also

Chinese numbers
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 102 103 104 108 1012
Cardinal 〇 一 二 三 四 五 六 七 八 九 十 百 千 萬
万 		億
亿 		兆
Financial 零 壹 貳
贰 		參
叁 		肆 伍 陸
陆 		柒 捌 玖 拾 佰 仟 萬
万 		億
亿 		兆

Compounds

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (百):

Japanese

Kanji

百

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
百
ひゃく
Grade: 1
on'yomi

Borrowing from Middle Chinese 百 ‎(pæk, “hundred”).

Pronunciation

Noun

百 ‎(hiragana ひゃく, romaji hyaku)

  1. hundred
  2. a very many, lots, a lot
  3. one hundred years old, advanced age
Usage notes

This is the most common term for hundred in modern Japanese.

Idioms
Derived terms

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
百
もも
Grade: 1
kun'yomi

/mo1mo1/ → /momo/

From Old Japanese.

Pronunciation

Noun

百 ‎(hiragana もも, romaji momo)

  1. (archaic) hundred
  2. (archaic) a very many
Usage notes

While ho or o is only used in compounds, momo can be used on its own.[2]

Archaic. Generally only found in set phrases or compounds.

Derived terms

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
百
ほ
Grade: 1
kun'yomi

/po/ → /ɸo/ → /ho/

From Old Japanese.

Pronunciation

Noun

百 ‎(hiragana ほ, romaji ho)

  1. (obsolete) hundred
  2. (obsolete) a very many
Usage notes

While momo can be used on its own, ho is only used in compounds, where it has lost the initial consonant and appears instead as o (see below). Generally only used in reference to multiple hundreds of things, as in terms 五百 ‎(io, “five hundred; a very many”) or 八百 ‎(yao, “eight hundred; a very many”).[2]

Obsolete. Superseded by o (see below).

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
百
お
Grade: 1
kun'yomi

/po/ → /ɸo/ → /ho/ → /o/

From Old Japanese. Change in pronunciation from ho (see above).[2]

Pronunciation

Noun

百 ‎(hiragana お, romaji o, historical hiragana ほ)

  1. (archaic) hundred
  2. (archaic) a very many
Usage notes

While momo can be used on its own, o is only used in compounds. This o was originally pronounced ho (see above). Generally only used in reference to multiple hundreds of things, as in terms 五百 ‎(io, “five hundred; a very many”) or 八百 ‎(yao, “eight hundred; a very many”).[2]

Archaic. Generally only found in set phrases and compounds.

Derived terms

References

  1. 1 2 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9
  2. 1 2 3 4 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan

Korean

Hanja

百 • ‎(baek, maek)
Eumhun:

  • Sound (hangeul): 백, 맥 (revised: baek, maek, McCune-Reischauer: paek, maek, Yale: payk, mayk)
  • Name (hangeul): 일백()
  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

百 (bách, bá, tình)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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