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Definition 2024


Translingual

Han character

(radical 145 +5, 11 strokes, cangjie input 中木竹水 (LDHE), four-corner 34247, composition)

References

  • KangXi: page 1115, character 10
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 34222
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1580, character 26
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 5, page 3085, character 11
  • Unihan data for U+88AB

Chinese

simp. and trad.

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series () (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
*pral, *prals
*pral, *prals
*pralʔ
*pralʔ
*pralʔ, *prals
*prals
*prals, *paːlʔ
*pʰral, *pʰralʔ
*pʰral
*pʰral, *pʰrals
*pʰral
*pʰral
*pʰral
*pʰral
*pʰral, *brals
*pʰral, *pʰrals
*pʰralʔ, *paːl
*bral
*bral
*bralʔ, *brals
*brals
*brals
*mbralʔ
*paːl
*paːl, *baːl
*paːl
*paːlʔ, *paːls
*paːlʔ, *pʰaːlʔ
*pʰaːl, *pʰaːlʔ, *pʰaːls
*pʰaːl
*pʰaːl
*pʰaːls
*baːl
*baːl

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *bralʔ, *brals) : semantic  (clothing) + phonetic  (OC *bral).

Pronunciation 1



Rime
Character
Reading # 1/2
Initial () (3)
Final () (13)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () Chongniu III
Fanqie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/bˠiᴇX/
Pan
Wuyun
/bᵚiɛX/
Shao
Rongfen
/biɛX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/bjiə̆X/
Li
Rong
/bjeX/
Wang
Li
/bǐeX/
Bernard
Karlgren
/bʱie̯X/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/4 2/4
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
bèi bèi
Middle
Chinese
‹ bjeX › ‹ bjeH ›
Old
Chinese
/*m-pʰ(r)ajʔ/ /*m-pʰ(r)ajʔ-s/
English coverlet cover (v.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 9713 9715
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1 1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*bralʔ/ /*brals/

Definitions

  1. bedding; quilt; blanket   (Classifier: )
    •    bèizi   quilt
    •    bèi   bedding, bedclothes
    • /    diànbèi   mattress
  2. to cover

Pronunciation 2



Rime
Character
Reading # 1/2
Initial () (3)
Final () (13)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () Chongniu III
Fanqie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/bˠiᴇX/
Pan
Wuyun
/bᵚiɛX/
Shao
Rongfen
/biɛX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/bjiə̆X/
Li
Rong
/bjeX/
Wang
Li
/bǐeX/
Bernard
Karlgren
/bʱie̯X/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/4 2/4
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
bèi bèi
Middle
Chinese
‹ bjeX › ‹ bjeH ›
Old
Chinese
/*m-pʰ(r)ajʔ/ /*m-pʰ(r)ajʔ-s/
English coverlet cover (v.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 9713 9715
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1 1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*bralʔ/ /*brals/

Definitions

  1. to suffer; to sustain (loss, misfortune, etc.)
  2. by
    • 蚊子   bèi wénzi yǎo le.   I got bitten by mosquitoes.
  3. Used before a verb to indicate passive-voice.
  4. A surname.
Usage notes
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of (“by; passive marker”)
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)
Mandarin Beijing
Taiwan
Jinan
Xi'an
Wuhan 把得
Chengdu
Yangzhou
Hefei
Cantonese Guangzhou
Hong Kong
Taishan
Yangjiang
Gan Nanchang
Hakka Meixian
Xingning
Huidong (Huizhou)
Qujiang
Xiaosanjiang
Changting
Pingyu
Wuping
Liancheng
Ninghua
Ruijin
Shicheng
Shangyou
Miaoli (N. Sixian)
Liudui (S. Sixian)
Hsinchu (Hailu)
Dongshi (Dabu)
Zhuolan (Raoping)
Yunlin (Zhao'an)
Jin Taiyuan
Min Bei Jian'ou
Min Dong Fuzhou
Min Nan Quanzhou
Xiamen
Zhangzhou
Taipei
Kaohsiung
Tainan
Taichung
Yilan
Lukang
Sanxia
Kinmen
Magong
Hsinchu
Chaozhou
Wu Suzhou 、撥勒
Wenzhou
Xiang Changsha
Shuangfeng

Pronunciation 3



Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 3/4
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
Middle
Chinese
‹ phje ›
Old
Chinese
/*mə-pʰ(r)aj/
English cover oneself with

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Definitions

  1. Alternative form of (, “to cover oneself”).

Pronunciation 4



Rime
Character
Reading # 2/2
Initial () (3)
Final () (13)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () Chongniu III
Fanqie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/bˠiᴇH/
Pan
Wuyun
/bᵚiɛH/
Shao
Rongfen
/biɛH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/bjiə̆H/
Li
Rong
/bjeH/
Wang
Li
/bǐeH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/bʱie̯H/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 2/2
No. 9715
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*brals/

Definitions

  1. Alternative form of (“wig”).
  2. Alternative form of (, “that”).

Pronunciation 5



Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 4/4
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
Middle
Chinese
‹ phjeH ›
Old
Chinese
/*pʰ(r)aj-s/
English cloak

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Definitions

  1. Alternative form of .

Compounds


Japanese

Kanji

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

  • Goon: (bi)
  • Kan’on: (hi)
  • Kun: おおう (被う, ōu), かずく (被く, kazuku), かずかる (被かる, kazukaru), かずける (被ける, kazukeru), かがふる, (被る, kagafuru), かぶる (被る, kaburu), かぶす (被す, kabusu), かぶさる (被さる, kabusaru), かぶせる (被せる, kabuseru), かむる (被る, kamuru), こうぶる (被る, kōburu), こうむる (被る, kōmuru), きせる (被せる, kiseru), ふすま (fusuma)
  • Nanori: ぎぬ (ginu)

Compounds

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term

Grade: S
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese (bjeH, to cover), from the term's use in Chinese as a passive marker.

Pronunciation

Prefix

(hiragana , romaji hi-)

  1. -ee: marks the passive recipient of an action, as the -ee in English employee
     ()害者 (がいしゃ)
    higaisha
    victim (one who is harmed)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
おおい
Grade: S
kun'yomi

The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, continuative or stem form) of verb 被う (ōu, to cover).[1][2]

Pronunciation

Noun

(hiragana おおい, romaji ōi, historical hiragana おほい)

  1. a covering
  2. the act of covering something
  3. (by extension) a protector or patron

References

  1. 1988, 国語大辞典(新装版) (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. 1 2 3 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9

Korean

Hanja

(pi) (hangeul , revised pi, McCune-Reischauer p'i, Yale phi)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

(bị, bệ, bỡ, bự, bợ)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.