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Definition 2025
張
張
See also: 张
Translingual
Han character
張 (radical 57 弓+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 弓尸一女 (NSMV), four-corner 11232, composition ⿰弓長)
References
- KangXi: page 359, character 19
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9812
- Dae Jaweon: page 675, character 33
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 997, character 5
- Unihan data for U+5F35
Chinese
| trad. | 張 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 张 | |
Glyph origin
| Characters in the same phonetic series (長) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 張 | *taŋ, *taŋs |
| 餦 | *taŋ |
| 粻 | *taŋ |
| 漲 | *taŋ, *taŋʔ, *taŋs |
| 長 | *taŋʔ, *daŋ, *daŋs |
| 脹 | *taŋs |
| 痮 | *taŋs |
| 帳 | *taŋs |
| 賬 | *taŋs |
| 倀 | *tʰaŋ, *rtaːŋs |
| 鼚 | *tʰaŋ |
| 鋹 | *tʰaŋʔ |
| 悵 | *tʰaŋs |
| 韔 | *tʰaŋs |
| 萇 | *daŋ |
| 瓺 | *daŋ, *daŋs |
| 棖 | *rdaːŋ |
| 掁 | *rdaːŋ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *taŋ, *taŋs) : semantic 弓 (“bow”) + phonetic 長 (OC *taŋʔ, *daŋ, *daŋs) – to stretch with a bow.
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): zoeng3, zoeng1
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chông
- Min Nan (POJ): tiong / tiang / tiuⁿ / tioⁿ
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄓㄤ
- Wade-Giles: chang1
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jang
- IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: zoeng3, zoeng1
- Yale: jeung, jēung
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzoeng3, dzoeng1
- IPA (key): /t͡ɕœːŋ³³/, /t͡ɕœːŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chông
- Hakka Romanization System: zong´
- Hagfa Pinyim: zong1
- IPA: /t͡soŋ²⁴/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, mainstream Taiwanese, Xiamen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiong
- Tâi-lô: tiong
- Phofsit Daibuun: diofng
- IPA (Quanzhou): /tiɔŋ³³/
- IPA (Taipei): /tiɔŋ⁴⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /tiɔŋ⁴⁴/
- IPA (Xiamen): /tiɔŋ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiang
- Tâi-lô: tiang
- Phofsit Daibuun: diafng
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /tiaŋ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, mainstream Taiwanese, Xiamen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiuⁿ
- Tâi-lô: tiunn
- Phofsit Daibuun: dviw
- IPA (Quanzhou): /tiũ³³/
- IPA (Taipei): /tiũ⁴⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /tiũ⁴⁴/
- IPA (Xiamen): /tiũ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tioⁿ
- Tâi-lô: tionn
- Phofsit Daibuun: dvioy
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /tiɔ̃⁴⁴/
- Note: tiuⁿ/tioⁿ - colloquial; tiong/tiang - literary; chiang - unknown dialect.
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, mainstream Taiwanese, Xiamen)
- Dialectal data▼
| Variety | Location | 張 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Harbin | /ʈ͡ʂaŋ⁴⁴/ | |
| Tianjin |
/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ²¹/ /t͡sɑŋ²¹/ |
|
| Jinan | /ʈ͡ʂaŋ²¹³/ | |
| Qingdao | /tʃaŋ²¹³/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /ʈ͡ʂaŋ²⁴/ | |
| Xi'an | /ʈ͡ʂaŋ²¹/ | |
| Xining | /ʈ͡ʂɔ̃⁴⁴/ | |
| Yinchuan | /ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁴⁴/ | |
| Lanzhou | /ʈ͡ʂɑ̃³¹/ | |
| Ürümqi | /ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁴⁴/ | |
| Wuhan | /t͡saŋ⁵⁵/ | |
| Chengdu | /t͡saŋ⁵⁵/ | |
| Guiyang | /t͡saŋ⁵⁵/ | |
| Kunming | /ʈ͡ʂã̠/ | |
| Nanjing | /ʈ͡ʂaŋ³¹/ | |
| Hefei | /ʈ͡ʂɑ̃²¹/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡sɒ̃¹¹/ |
| Pingyao |
/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ¹³/ /t͡suə¹³/ ～村 |
|
| Hohhot | /t͡sɑ̃³¹/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /t͡sã⁵³/ |
| Suzhou | /t͡sã⁵⁵/ | |
| Hangzhou | /t͡sɑŋ³³/ | |
| Wenzhou | /t͡ɕi³³/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /t͡ɕia³¹/ |
| Tunxi | /t͡ɕiau¹¹/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /ʈ͡ʂan³³/ |
| Xiangtan | /ʈ͡ʂɔn³³/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /t͡sɔŋ⁴²/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /t͡soŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Taoyuan | /tʃoŋ²⁴/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /t͡sœŋ⁵³/ |
| Nanning | /t͡sœŋ⁵⁵/ | |
| Hong Kong | /t͡sœŋ⁵⁵/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) |
/tiɔŋ⁵⁵/ /tiũ⁵⁵/ |
| Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /tuoŋ⁴⁴/ | |
| Jian'ou (Min Bei) | /tiɔŋ⁵⁴/ | |
| Shantou (Min Nan) |
/t͡siaŋ³³/ /tiõ³³/ |
|
| Haikou (Min Nan) |
/t͡siaŋ²³/ /ʔdio²³/ |
| Rime | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 張 | 張 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 知 (9) | 知 (9) |
| Final (韻) | 陽 (105) | 陽 (105) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 陟良切 | 知亮切 |
| Reconstructions | ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/ʈɨɐŋ/ | /ʈɨɐŋH/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/ʈiɐŋ/ | /ʈiɐŋH/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/ȶiɑŋ/ | /ȶiɑŋH/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/ʈɨaŋ/ | /ʈɨaŋH/ |
| Li Rong |
/ȶiaŋ/ | /ȶiaŋH/ |
| Wang Li |
/ȶĭaŋ/ | /ȶĭaŋH/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/ȶi̯aŋ/ | /ȶi̯aŋH/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
zhāng | zhàng |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 張 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
zhāng |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ trjang › |
| Old Chinese |
/*C.traŋ/ |
| English | draw a bow |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 張 | 張 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 1259 | 1270 |
| Phonetic component |
長 | 長 |
| Rime group |
陽 | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
張 | 帳 |
| Old Chinese |
/*taŋ/ | /*taŋs/ |
Definitions
張
- to stretch; to open up; to spread
- to expand; to spread
- nervous; tense
- Classifier for things with a flat surface: sheet
- Classifier for votes.
- A surname. Zhang, listed #24 of the Baijiaxing
Descendants
References
- (Min Nan) Kaifang Cidian
Compounds
Derived terms from 張
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Japanese
Kanji
張
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Readings
Compounds
- 出張 (shutchō): business trip
Derived terms
Korean
Hanja
張 • (jang) (hangeul 장, revised jang, McCune-Reischauer chang, Yale cang)
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