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Definition 2025

菜

菜

See also: 莱

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

菜 (radical 140 艸+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 廿月木 (TBD), four-corner 44904, composition ⿱艹采)

References

  • KangXi: page 1038, character 13
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31184
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1496, character 16
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 5, page 3236, character 10
  • Unihan data for U+83DC

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 菜

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (采) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
采 *sʰɯːʔ
睬 *sʰɯːʔ
彩 *sʰɯːʔ
採 *sʰɯːʔ
綵 *sʰɯːʔ
寀 *sʰɯːʔ
菜 *sʰɯːs
埰 *sʰɯːs
棌 *sʰɯːs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *sʰɯːs) : semantic 艹 ‎(“grass, plant”) + phonetic 采 ‎(OC *sʰɯːʔ).

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 菜
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 清 (14)
Final (韻) 咍 (41)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 倉代切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /t͡sʰʌiH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /t͡sʰəiH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /t͡sʰɒiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /t͡sʰəjH/
Li
Rong		 /t͡sʰᴀiH/
Wang
Li		 /t͡sʰɒiH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /t͡sʰɑ̆iH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 cài
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 菜
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 cài
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ tshojH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*s.r̥ˤəʔ-s/
English vegetables

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 菜
Reading # 1/1
No. 1076
Phonetic
component		 采
Rime
group		 之
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 菜
Old
Chinese		 /*sʰɯːs/

Definitions

菜

  1. vegetable; greens
    蔬菜  ―  shūcài  ―  vegetables
    白菜  ―  báicài  ―  Chinese cabbage
    菠菜  ―  bōcài  ―  spinach
  2. cuisine; (type of) food
    日本菜  ―  rìběn cài  ―  Japanese food
  3. dish; course   (Classifier: 盤／盘 m; 道 m)
    這道菜很對胃口。 / 这道菜很对胃口。  ―  Zhè dào cài hěn duìwèikǒu.  ―  This dish is tasty.
  4. (colloquial) (one's) type
    • 他是我的菜！  ―  Tā shì wǒ de cài!  ―  He is my type!
  5. (colloquial) bad; inferior; disappointing; below average
    菜鳥 / 菜鸟  ―  càiniǎo  ―  noob

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 菜 (“dish; vegetable or meat dish”)
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 菜
Mandarin Beijing 菜
Taiwan 菜
Tianjin 菜
Jinan 菜
Xi'an 菜
Wuhan 菜
Chengdu 菜
Yangzhou 菜
Hefei 菜
Cantonese Guangzhou 餸、餸菜
Hong Kong 餸、餸菜
Taishan 餸、餸菜
Yangjiang 餸
Gan Nanchang 菜
Hakka Meixian 菜
Jin Taiyuan 菜
Min Bei Jian'ou 菜
Min Dong Fuzhou 配
Min Nan Quanzhou 物配
Xiamen 物配
Zhangzhou 物配
Taipei 物配
Kaohsiung 物配
Chaozhou 物配
Wu Suzhou 小菜
Wenzhou 配、餚配
Xiang Changsha 菜
Shuangfeng 菜

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

菜

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. greens; vegetables
  2. rape (Brassica napus); rapeseed
  3. side dish

Readings

Compounds

Kanji in this term
菜
な
Grade: 4
kun'yomi

Pronunciation

Noun

菜 ‎(hiragana な, romaji na)

  1. greens

Derived terms

References

  1. ↑ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9
  2. ↑ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, ISBN 978-4-14-011112-3

Korean

Hanja

菜 • ‎(chae) (hangeul 채, revised chae, McCune-Reischauer ch'ae, Yale chay)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

菜 (thái, thủy, linh, lê)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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