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Definition 2024

代

代

代 U+4EE3, 代
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4EE3
← 仢
[U+4EE2] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 令 →
[U+4EE4]
See also: 付 and 伐

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

代 (radical 9 人+3, 5 strokes, cangjie input 人戈心 (OIP), four-corner 23240, composition ⿰亻弋)

Derived characters

References

  • KangXi: page 93, character 11
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 386
  • Dae Jaweon: page 197, character 7
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 113, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+4EE3

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 代

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 代
Large seal script

L36109

L36110

L36111

L36112

L36113

L20896

L20897

L20898

L20899

L20900
Small seal script

s05796
References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (large seal) and
  • Xu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (弋) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
戴 *ʔl'ɯːɡs
襶 *tɯːɡs
貸 *l̥ʰɯːɡs
代 *l'ɯːɡs
袋 *l'ɯːɡs
岱 *l'ɯːɡs
黛 *l'ɯːɡs
玳 *l'ɯːɡs
帒 *l'ɯːɡs
甙 *l'ɯːɡs
酨 *l'ɯːs, *zlɯːs
試 *hljɯɡs
弒 *hljɯɡs
忒 *l̥ʰɯːɡ
貣 *l̥ʰɯːɡ, *l'ɯːɡ
鴏 *l'ɯːɡ
栻 *l̥ʰɯɡ, *hljɯɡ
侙 *l̥ʰɯɡ
恜 *l̥ʰɯɡ
式 *hljɯɡ
軾 *hljɯɡ
拭 *hljɯɡ
鉽 *hljɯɡ
烒 *hljɯɡ
弋 *lɯɡ
芅 *lɯɡ
黓 *lɯɡ
隿 *lɯɡ
杙 *lɯɡ
釴 *lɯɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *l'ɯːɡs) : semantic 亻 ‎(“person”) + phonetic 弋 ‎(OC *lɯɡ).

弋 and 代 were near-homophones in Old Chinese; Baxter-Sagart give *lək for 弋 and *lˤək-s for 代 (the -s is a suffix). See also 式.

Pronunciation

  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 代
Mandarin Beijing /tai⁵¹/
Harbin /tai⁵³/
Tianjin /tai⁵³/
Jinan /tɛ²¹/
Qingdao /tɛ⁴²/
Zhengzhou /tai³¹²/
Xi'an /tai⁴⁴/
Xining /tɛ²¹³/
Yinchuan /tɛ¹³/
Lanzhou /tɛ¹³/
Ürümqi /tai²¹³/
Wuhan /tai³⁵/
Chengdu /tai¹³/
Guiyang /tai²¹³/
Kunming /tæ²¹²/
Nanjing /tae⁴⁴/
Hefei /te̞⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /tai⁴⁵/
Pingyao /tæ³⁵/
Hohhot /tɛ⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /de²³/
Suzhou /de̞³¹/
Hangzhou /de̞¹³/
Wenzhou /de²²/
Hui Shexian /tʰɛ²²/
Tunxi /tə¹¹/
/ta⁴²/
Xiang Changsha /tai⁵⁵/
/tai¹¹/
Xiangtan /tai⁵⁵/
Gan Nanchang /tʰai²¹/
Hakka Meixian /tʰio⁵³/
Taoyuan /tʰoi⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /tɔi²²/
Nanning /tɔi²²/
Hong Kong /tɔi²²/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /tai²²/
/te²²/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /tɔy²⁴²/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /to⁴⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /tʰoi²¹³/
/to³¹/
Haikou (Min Nan) /ʔdai³⁵/
/ʔdai³³/
/ʔde²³/
Rime
Character 代
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 定 (7)
Final (韻) 咍 (41)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 徒耐切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /dʌiH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /dəiH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /dɒiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /dəjH/
Li
Rong		 /dᴀiH/
Wang
Li		 /dɒiH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /dʱɑ̆iH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 dài
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 代
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 dài
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ dojH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*lˤək-s/
English replace

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 代
Reading # 1/1
No. 14963
Phonetic
component		 弋
Rime
group		 代
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 代
Old
Chinese		 /*l'ɯːɡs/

Definitions

代

  1. replace, replacement (of person or generation)
  2. era
  3. generation
  4. (grammar) Short for 代名詞／代名词 (dàimíngcí); short for 代詞／代词 (dàicí, “pronoun”).

Compounds

Japanese

Noun

代 ‎(hiragana しろ, romaji shiro)

  1. (archaic) substitution
  2. (archaic) price, cost, charge
  3. (historical) shiro, a unit of land

代 ‎(hiragana だい, romaji dai)

  1. price
  2. generation of a family
  3. reign of a royal
  4. decade
  5. era

代 ‎(hiragana よ, romaji yo)

  1. world, society
  2. (archaic) age, generation, era of rule

Alternative forms

  • 台 (alternative form for dai only)
  • 世 (alternative form for yo only)

Counter

代 ‎(hiragana だい, romaji -dai)

  1. generation of a royal family
  2. era, age, decade

Suffix

代 ‎(hiragana だい, romaji -dai)

  1. charge, fare, rate, fee, price, rent
  2. (indicating years spanning a specific period) -ies, -hundreds

Kanji

代

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Compounds

Korean

Hanja

代 • ‎(dae) (hangeul 대, revised dae, McCune-Reischauer tae)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

代 (đại, đời, rượi, đãi)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

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