Translingual

Stroke order

Japanese stroke order

Han character

有 (radical 74 月+2, 6 strokes, cangjie input 大月 (KB), four-corner 4022₇, composition ⿱𠂇月)

References

• KangXi: page 504, character 20
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14332
• Dae Jaweon: page 880, character 2
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 3, page 2041, character 5
• Unihan data for U+6709

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 有
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Large seal script	Small seal script

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɢʷɯʔ) : phonetic 又 ‎(OC *ɢʷɯs, “hand”) + semantic ⺼ ‎(“meat”) – a hand holding meat, hence “in possession of”. 又 is both a phonetic and semantic component. The hand shape has been significantly abstracted; compare 右 (OC *ɢʷɯʔ, *ɢʷɯs).

Alternatively, the graph was perhaps originally intended for the word 醢 (OC *qʰɯːʔ, “minced pickled meat”), which also has the 又 (OC *ɢʷɯs) element as phonetic.

Shuowen Jiezi and other ancient sources have erroneously analyzed the character as a phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɢʷɯʔ) : phonetic 又 ‎(OC *ɢʷɯs) + semantic 月 ‎(“moon”). Shuowen Jiezi defines 有 as "不宜有也" ("[to have something that] not should be had"), citing the Spring and Autumn Annals (春秋傳): "日月有食之" ("There are solar and lunar eclipses"). As eclipses were not auspicious to the Chinese, they were "something that should not be happening". The 月 component alludes to the inauspicious lunar eclipse.

Etymology

Possibly Sino-Tibetan. Compare Tibetan ཡོད་པ ‎(yod pa, “to be; to have”). Related to:

• 侑 (OC *ɢʷɯs, “to offer, to sacrifice”) [causative, i.e. “to cause to have”]
• 又 (OC *ɢʷɯs, “again”) [adverbial]
• 或 (OC *ɡʷɯːɡ, “some; or”) [indefinite]

Pronunciation 1

Definitions

有

1. to have; to possess (when a subject is present)

   Antonyms: 無／无 (wú)

   我有兩輛車。 / 我有两辆车。  ―  Wǒ yǒu liǎng liàng chē.  ―  I have two cars.

   • 甘橘，大厘城有之，其味酸。 [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]

     From: Tang Dynasty, Fan Chuo, Manshu, chapter 7, part 7

     Gān jú, dàlí chéng yǒu zhī, qí wèi suān. [Pinyin]

     Dali City has sweet tangerines, but their flavour is sour.

2. there is; to exist (when a subject is absent)

   有很多人。  ―  Yǒu hěn duō rén.  ―  There are a lot of people.

   這兒有書嗎？ / 这儿有书吗？  ―  Zhèr yǒu shū ma?  ―  Are there any books here?

3. (euphemistic) to be pregnant with a child
4. abundant; affluent
5. many; much; (of time) long; (of age) old
6. some (indefinite pronoun)
7. A surname​.

Usage notes

• In Mandarin, 有 is the only verb not negated with 不 (bù). It is negated with 沒／没 (méi).

我沒有錢 / 我没有钱  ―  wǒ méiyǒu qián  ―  I don't have any money

Compounds

Pronunciation 2

Definitions

有

1. ^†Alternative form of 又 (yòu, “again”).
2. ^†Alternative form of 又 (yòu, “and; with a remainder of (when dividing an integer by ten)”).
   • 吾十有五而志於學，三十而立。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     吾十有五而志于学，三十而立。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
     From: c. 479 BCE – 221 BCE, Analects of Confucius (論語．為政)

     Wú shí yòu wǔ ér zhì yú xué, sānshí ér lì. [Pinyin]

     When I was 10 and 5 years (15 years old), I devoted myself to study. At the age of 30, I established myself (got a job and started a family).

Japanese

Japanese stroke order

Kanji

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. exist
2. get to exist; appear
3. keep; maintain
4. existence; belonging
5. someone did certain thing
6. possess
7. have
8. happen
9. occur
10. approximately

Readings

• Goon: う (u)
• Kan’on: ゆう (yū)
• Kun: ある (aru), もつ (motsu), たもつ (tamotsu)
• Nanori: あり (ari), すみ (sumi), たもつ (tamotsu), とお (tō), とも (tomo), なお (nao), なり (nari), みち (michi), もち (mochi), り (ri)

Compounds

Derived terms

• 有 (あ)る ‎(aru)

Proper noun

有 ‎(hiragana なお, romaji Nao)

1. A female given name

Korean

Hanja

有 • ‎(yu)
Eumhun:

• Sound (hangeul): 유 (revised: yu, McCune-Reischauer: yu, Yale: yu)

• Name (hangeul): 있다 (Itta)()

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Vietnamese

Han character

有 (hữu, hỡi, hơi, nhất)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.