Definify.com

Definition 2024


U+4E8E, 于
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E8E

[U+4E8D]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+4E8F]
See also: , , , , and

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

(radical 7 +1, 3 strokes, cangjie input 一木 (MD), four-corner 10400)

Derived characters

References

  • KangXi: page 86, character 6
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 252
  • Dae Jaweon: page 177, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 4, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+4E8E

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bamboo and silk script Large seal script Small seal script





References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (large seal) and
  • Xu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series () (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
*qaːls
*kʰʷraː
*kʰʷraː
*kʰʷraː, *kʰʷraːs, *kʰʷaːs
*kʰʷraː, *kʰʷraːʔ, *kʰʷraːs, *kʰʷaːs
*kʰʷraː
*kʰʷraːʔ
*kʰʷraːʔ
*kʰʷraːʔ
*kʰʷraːʔ
*ɢʷraː, *qʷaː
*ɡʷraːs
*pɢʷaː, *kʰʷaː
*qʰʷl'
*kʰʷaː, *qʷaː
*kʰʷaː
*kʰʷaː
*kʰʷaː
*kʰʷaːs
*kʰʷaːs
*kʰʷaːs
*qʰaː
洿 *ɡʷaːʔ, *qʷaː
*ɡʷlaː, *ɡʷlaːs
*ɢʷlaːʔ
*qʷaː, *qʷaːs
*qʷaː
*qʷaː
*qʷaː
*qʷaː
*qʷaːs, *ɢʷa
*qʰʷl'a
*qʰʷl'a
*pqʰʷa, *qʰʷa
*qʰʷla, *ɢʷla
*qʰʷa, *ɢʷas
*qʰʷa
*qʰʷa
*qʰʷa, *qʷa
*qʰʷa
*qʰʷaʔ
*qʷa
*qʷa
*qʷa, *qʷaʔ, *ɢʷa
*qʷa
*ɢʷa
*ɢʷa
*ɢʷa
*ɢʷa
*ɢʷa
*ɢʷa, *ɢʷas
*ɢʷa
*ɢʷa
*ɢʷa
*ɢʷla
*ɢʷaʔ

Pictogram (象形) . Two possibilities for the object of representation are:

  • An ancient wind instrument; early form of (OC *ɢʷa). This view is supported by mainstream palaeography.
  • Exhaled air; early form of (OC *qʰʷa, *ɢʷas, “to sigh”). Shuowen considers it to be an ideogrammic compound (會意) :  (flat stream of air) +  (to exhale). Compare , , .

Etymology 1

For pronunciation and definitions of – see .
(This character, , is the simplified and variant traditional form of .)
Notes:

Etymology 2

simp. and trad.
alt. forms

Pronunciation



Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (35)
Final () (24)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division () III
Fanqie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ɦɨo/
Pan
Wuyun
/ɦio/
Shao
Rongfen
/ɣio/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ɦuə̆/
Li
Rong
/ɣio/
Wang
Li
/ɣĭu/
Bernard
Karlgren
/i̯u/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
Middle
Chinese
‹ hju › ‹ hju ›
Old
Chinese
/*ɢʷ(r)a/ /*ɦʷa/ (< *ɢʷ(r)a)
English go; at 單于 chányú: Xiōngnú ruler (W. Hàn)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 15706
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*ɢʷa/
Notes

Definitions

  1. A surname.
  2. Used in several names and proper nouns.
    • /    chán   chief of the Xiongnu; a Chinese surname
    •    Chún   a Chinese surname

Compounds

  • 于于
  • 于嗟
  • 于徐
  • 于思
  • 于時于时
  • 于歸于归
  • 于闐于阗
  • 于飛于飞
  • 于飛之樂于飞之乐
  • 伊于胡底
  • 刑于
  • 友于
  • 叔于田
  • 君子于役
  • 單于单于 (chányú)
  • 大叔于田
  • 大單于大单于
  • 淳于 (Chúnyú)
  • 燕燕于飛燕燕于飞
  • 福生于微
  • 錞于
  • 鳳凰于飛凤凰于飞
  • 鳳皇于蜚凤皇于蜚

Japanese

Kanji

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings


Korean

Hanja

(u) (hangeul , revised u, McCune-Reischauer u)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

(vu, vo, vò)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References