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Definition 2024
藍
藍
Translingual
Han character
藍 (radical 140 艸+14, 20 strokes, cangjie input 廿尸戈廿 (TSIT) or 廿尸一廿 (TSMT), four-corner 44107, composition ⿱艹監)
References
- KangXi: page 1064, character 16
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 32258
- Dae Jaweon: page 1528, character 35
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 5, page 3311, character 8
- Unihan data for U+85CD
Chinese
| trad. | 藍 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 蓝 | |
Glyph origin
| Characters in the same phonetic series (監) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 藍 | *ɡ·raːm |
| 襤 | *ɡ·raːm |
| 籃 | *ɡ·raːm |
| 懢 | *ɡ·raːm, *ɡ·raːms |
| 儖 | *ɡ·raːm |
| 蘫 | *ɡ·raːm, *qʰlaːms |
| 攬 | *ɡ·raːmʔ |
| 欖 | *ɡ·raːmʔ |
| 覽 | *ɡ·raːmʔ |
| 爁 | *ɡ·raːmʔ, *ɡ·raːms, *ɡ·rams |
| 擥 | *ɡ·raːmʔ |
| 灠 | *ɡ·raːmʔ |
| 濫 | *ɡ·raːms, *ɡraːmʔ |
| 嚂 | *ɡ·raːms, *kʰlaːms, *qʰlaːmʔ |
| 纜 | *ɡ·raːms |
| 監 | *kraːm, *kraːms |
| 礛 | *kraːm |
| 鑑 | *kraːm, *kraːms, *kraːms |
| 艦 | *ɡraːmʔ |
| 檻 | *ɡraːmʔ, *ɡraːms |
| 壏 | *ɡraːmʔ |
| 轞 | *ɡraːmʔ |
| 鹽 | *ɡ·lam, *ɡ·lams |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɡ·raːm) : semantic 艹 (“grass”) + phonetic 監 (OC *kraːm, *kraːms): The indigo plant
Etymology
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-ram (“indigo”). Cognate with Tibetan རམས (rams, “indigo”), which Laufer (1916) considers to be a Chinese loan. Also compare Proto-Vietic *ɟaːm (“indigo”) (> Vietnamese chàm) and Proto-Austronesian *taRum (“indigo plant and dye”) (> Malay tarum).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): laam4
- Gan (Wiktionary): lan4
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): làm
- Min Dong (BUC): làng
- Min Nan (POJ): lâm
- Wu (Wiktionary): le (T3)
- Xiang (Wiktionary): lan2
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄌㄢˊ
- Wade-Giles: lan2
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lan
- IPA (key): /la̠n³⁵/
-
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: laam4
- Yale: làahm
- Cantonese Pinyin: laam4
- IPA (key): /lɑːm²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Gan
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: làm
- Hakka Romanization System: lamˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: lam2
- IPA: /lam¹¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: làng
- IPA (key): /l̃aŋ⁵³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lâm
- Tâi-lô: lâm
- Phofsit Daibuun: laam
- IPA (Xiamen): /lam²⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /lam²⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /lam¹³/
- IPA (Taipei): /lam²⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /lam²³/
- (Hokkien)
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: le (T3)
- IPA (key): /lᴇ²³/
- (Shanghainese)
- Xiang
- Dialectal data▼
| Variety | Location | 藍 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /lan³⁵/ |
| Harbin | /lan²⁴/ | |
| Tianjin | /lan⁴⁵/ | |
| Jinan | /lã⁴²/ | |
| Qingdao | /lã⁴²/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /lan⁴²/ | |
| Xi'an | /lã²⁴/ | |
| Xining | /lã²⁴/ | |
| Yinchuan | /lan⁵³/ | |
| Lanzhou | /lɛ̃n⁵³/ | |
| Ürümqi | /lan⁵¹/ | |
| Wuhan | /nan²¹³/ | |
| Chengdu | /nan³¹/ | |
| Guiyang | /nan²¹/ | |
| Kunming | /lã̠³¹/ | |
| Nanjing | /laŋ²⁴/ | |
| Hefei | /læ̃⁵⁵/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /læ̃¹¹/ |
| Pingyao | /lɑŋ¹³/ | |
| Hohhot | /læ̃³¹/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /le²³/ |
| Suzhou | /le̞¹³/ | |
| Hangzhou | /lẽ̞²¹³/ | |
| Wenzhou | /la³¹/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /lɛ⁴⁴/ |
| Tunxi | /lɔ⁴⁴/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /lan¹³/ |
| Xiangtan | /nan¹²/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /lan⁴⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /lam¹¹/ |
| Taoyuan | /lɑm¹¹/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /lam²¹/ |
| Nanning | /lam²¹/ | |
| Hong Kong | /lam²¹/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) |
/lam³⁵/ /na³⁵/ |
| Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /laŋ⁵³/ | |
| Jian'ou (Min Bei) | /laŋ³³/ | |
| Shantou (Min Nan) |
/lam⁵⁵/ /nã⁵⁵/ 姓 |
|
| Haikou (Min Nan) | /lam³¹/ |
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 藍 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 談 (143) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 魯甘切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/lɑm/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/lɑm/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/lɑm/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/lam/ |
| Li Rong |
/lɑm/ |
| Wang Li |
/lɑm/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/lɑm/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
lán |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 藍 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
lán |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ lam › |
| Old Chinese |
/*[N-k.]rˤam/ |
| English | indigo |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 藍 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 6082 |
| Phonetic component |
監 |
| Rime group |
談 |
| Rime subdivision |
1 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
藍 |
| Old Chinese |
/*ɡ·raːm/ |
Definitions
藍
Descendants
Others:
- → Proto-Tai: *gra:mᴬ (“indigo”)
- Thai: คราม (kraam)
- Lao: ຄາມ (khām)
- Zhuang: gyaemq (“purple-red”)
- → Proto-Tai: *kromᶜ (“indigo”)
- Thai: ฮ่อม (hɔ̂ɔm)
- Zhuang: romj, goromj
- → Proto-Hmong-Mien: *ŋglam ~ ŋgram (“indigo”)
- White Hmong: nkaj (“indigo”)
- → Khmer: ត្រុំ (trom)
Compounds
Japanese
Kanji
- The color indigo; the indigo plant.
Readings
Compounds
Etymology
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 藍 |
|
あい Grade: S |
| kun'yomi |
Various theories, all suggesting a relation to 青 (ao, formerly awo, “blue”).
- May be an alteration from 青色 (awoiro): /awoiro/ > /awiro/ > /airo/ > /ai/
- May simply be an alteration from 青 (awo): /awo/ > /awi/ > /ai/
- May be derived from a compound of 青 (awo, “blue”) + 居 (i, formerly wi, “there is”), expressing the sense that the plant contains the color blue: /awowi/ > /awi/ > /ai/
Pronunciation
Noun
藍 (hiragana あい, romaji ai, historical hiragana あゐ)
- the color indigo
- the indigo plant, species Indigofera tinctoria and related plants
Proper noun
- A female given name
Korean
Hanja
藍 • (ram>nam) (hangeul 람>남, McCune-Reischauer ram>nam, Yale lam>nam)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Vietnamese
Han character
藍 (lam, chàm, rôm, rườm, trôm, xám)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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