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Definition 2024


U+4FE1, 信
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4FE1

[U+4FE0]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+4FE2]
See also:

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

(radical 9 +7, 9 strokes, cangjie input 人卜一口 (OYMR), four-corner 20261, composition)

References

  • KangXi: page 105, character 25
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 707
  • Dae Jaweon: page 224, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 165, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+4FE1

Chinese

simp. and trad.
alt. forms

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character



References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (large seal) and
  • Xu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Ideogrammic compound (會意) :  (person) +  (word) – a person's (truthful) words.

Pronunciation



  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /ɕin⁵¹/
Harbin /ɕin⁵³/
Tianjin /ɕin⁵³/
Jinan /ɕiẽ²¹/
Qingdao /siə̃⁴²/
Zhengzhou /sin³¹²/
Xi'an /ɕiẽ⁴⁴/
Xining /ɕiə̃²¹³/
Yinchuan /ɕiŋ¹³/
Lanzhou /ɕĩn¹³/
Ürümqi /ɕiŋ²¹³/
Wuhan /ɕin³⁵/
Chengdu /ɕin¹³/
Guiyang /ɕin²¹³/
Kunming /ɕĩ²¹²/
Nanjing /sin⁴⁴/
Hefei /ɕin⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /ɕiəŋ⁴⁵/
Pingyao /ɕiŋ³⁵/
Hohhot /ɕĩŋ⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /ɕiŋ³⁵/
Suzhou /sin⁵¹³/
Hangzhou /ɕin⁴⁴⁵/
Wenzhou /saŋ⁴²/
Hui Shexian /siʌ̃³²⁴/
Tunxi /sin⁴²/
Xiang Changsha /sin⁵⁵/
Xiangtan /sin⁵⁵/
Gan Nanchang /ɕin⁴⁵/
Hakka Meixian /sin⁵³/
Taoyuan /sin⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /søn³³/
Nanning /ɬɐn³³/
Hong Kong /søn³³/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /sin²¹/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /sɛiŋ²¹²/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /seiŋ³³/
Shantou (Min Nan) /siŋ²¹³/
Haikou (Min Nan) /tin³⁵/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (16)
Final () (43)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/siɪnH/
Pan
Wuyun
/sinH/
Shao
Rongfen
/sjenH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/sinH/
Li
Rong
/siĕnH/
Wang
Li
/sĭĕnH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/si̯ĕnH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
xìn
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
xìn
Middle
Chinese
‹ sinH ›
Old
Chinese
/*s-ni[ŋ]-s/
English truthful

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 13849
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*hljins/
Notes 使

Definitions

  1. true; accurate; verifiable
  2. truly; indeed
  3. trustworthy
  4. to believe; to trust in something
       Wǒ cái bù xìn ne.   I don't believe it/you.
  5. trust; confidence; faith
       xìnrèn   trust
  6. to believe in (a faith); to be religious in
    父親佛教 / 父亲佛教   Wǒ fùqīn xìn fójiào.   My father is a Buddhist. (lit. My father believes in Buddhism.)
  7. at will
    口雌黃 / 口雌黄   xìnkǒu cíhuáng   to make irresponsible remarks (lit. to correct someone with at will)
  8. letter (written communication)   (Classifier: m c)
  9. message; news; information
       xìn   news, message
  10. evidence
       xìn   token, keepsake

Compounds


Japanese

Kanji

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Compounds

Noun

(hiragana しん, romaji shin)

  1. trust, faith
     (しん) ()く、 (しん) ()
    shin o oku, shin o toru
    to put one's trust (in something), to gain someone's trust

Related terms


Korean

Hanja

(sin)
Eumhun:

  • Sound (hangeul):  (revised: sin, McCune-Reischauer: sin)
  • Name (hangeul): 믿을()
  1. believe/trust

Vietnamese

Han character

(tín, tin)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References