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Definition 2024


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Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

(radical 203 黑+0, 12 strokes, cangjie input 田土火 (WGF), four-corner 60331)

  1. Kangxi radical #203, (black).

Descendants

References

  • KangXi: page 1518, character 36
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 48038
  • Dae Jaweon: page 2051, character 13
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 7, page 4743, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+9ED1

Chinese

simp. and trad.

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Large seal script Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series () (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
*mrɯɡs
*ʔmrɯːd
*mlɯːɡ
*mlɯːɡ
*mɯːɡ
*hmlɯːɡ
*hmlɯːɡ

Pictogram (象形) – catching soot in a container over a fire ().

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-maŋ ~ s-mak. Cognate with (OC *mlɯːɡ, “ink”).

The sense of “hack” is a phono-semantic matching of English hack.

Pronunciation



  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /xei⁵⁵/
Harbin /xei⁴⁴/
Tianjin /xei²¹/
Jinan /xei²¹³/
Qingdao /xe⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /xɛ²⁴/
Xi'an /xei²¹/
Xining /xɨ⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /xɯ¹³/
Lanzhou /xə/
Ürümqi /xei⁴⁴/
Wuhan /xɤ²¹³/
Chengdu /xe³¹/
Guiyang /xɛ²¹/
Kunming /xə³¹/
Nanjing /xəʔ⁵/
Hefei /xɐʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /xəʔ²/
Pingyao /xʌʔ¹³/
Hohhot /xəʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /həʔ⁵/
Suzhou /həʔ⁵/
Hangzhou /hɑʔ⁵/
Wenzhou /he²¹³/
Hui Shexian /xeʔ²¹/
Tunxi /xə⁵/
Xiang Changsha /xə²⁴/
Xiangtan /hæ²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /hɛʔ⁵/
Hakka Meixian /het̚¹/
Taoyuan /het̚²²/
Cantonese Guangzhou /hɐk̚⁵/
/hak̚⁵/
Nanning /hɐk̚⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /hɐk̚⁵/
/hak̚⁵/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /hik̚³²/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /haiʔ²³/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /xuɛ/
Shantou (Min Nan) /hek̚²/
Haikou (Min Nan) /ɔu²³/ 訓烏

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (32)
Final () (131)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () I
Fanqie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/hək̚/
Pan
Wuyun
/hək̚/
Shao
Rongfen
/xək̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/hək̚/
Li
Rong
/xək̚/
Wang
Li
/xək̚/
Bernard
Karlgren
/xək̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
he
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
hēi
Middle
Chinese
‹ xok ›
Old
Chinese
/*m̥ˤək/ (dialect *m̥ˤ- > xˤ-)
English black

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 5109
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*hmlɯːɡ/

Definitions

  1. black
       hēi   black color
    帽子   Tā dài zhe hēi màozǐ.   She's wearing a black hat.
  2. dark; darkness
    這麼 / 这么   Zhème hēi, wǒ kàn bù jiàn.   It's so dark; I can't see.
       Tā hěn pà hēi.   She is very afraid of the dark.
  3. evening; night
  4. illegal; clandestine; secret; shady
       hēishì   black market
    /    hēibāng   criminal gang
    名單 / 名单   hēimíngdān   blacklist
  5. sinister; evil
  6. to make fun of; to mock
  7. (computing) to hack
       hēi   hacker
  8. hater
  9. Short for 黑龍江黑龙江 (Hēilóngjiāng, “Heilongjiang province”).

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of (“black”)
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)
Mandarin Beijing
Taiwan
Tianjin
Jinan
Xi'an
Wuhan
Chengdu
Yangzhou
Hefei
Cantonese Guangzhou
Hong Kong
Yangjiang
Gan Nanchang
Hakka Meixian
Jin Taiyuan
Min Bei Jian'ou
Min Dong Fuzhou
Min Nan Quanzhou
Xiamen
Zhangzhou
Taipei
Chaozhou
Wu Shanghai
Suzhou
Wenzhou
Xiang Changsha
Shuangfeng

Compounds


Japanese

Kanji

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form )

  1. black

Readings


Khitan

Noun

(kara)

  1. west

Korean

Hanja

(heuk) (hangeul , McCune-Reischauer hŭk, Yale huk)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

(hắc)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.