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Definition 2024
墨
墨
Translingual
Han character
墨 (radical 32 土+11, 15 strokes, cangjie input 田土火土 (WGFG), four-corner 60104, composition ⿱黑土)
References
- KangXi: page 238, character 40
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5469
- Dae Jaweon: page 478, character 2
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 487, character 3
- Unihan data for U+58A8
Chinese
|
simp. and trad. |
墨 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph origin
| Characters in the same phonetic series (黑) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 嚜 | *mrɯɡs |
| 嫼 | *ʔmrɯːd |
| 墨 | *mlɯːɡ |
| 默 | *mlɯːɡ |
| 纆 | *mɯːɡ |
| 黑 | *hmlɯːɡ |
| 潶 | *hmlɯːɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *mlɯːɡ) : phonetic 黑 (OC *hmlɯːɡ) + semantic 土 (“soil”).
Etymology
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-maŋ ~ s-mak. Cognate with 黑 (OC *hmlɯːɡ, “black”).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): mak6
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): me̍t
- Min Dong (BUC): mĕ̤k
- Min Nan (POJ): ba̍k
- Wu (Wiktionary): meq (T5)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄇㄛˋ
- Wade-Giles: mo4
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: moh
- IPA (key): /mu̯ɔ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: mak6
- Yale: mahk
- Cantonese Pinyin: mak9
- IPA (key): /mɐk̚²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: me̍t
- Hakka Romanization System: med
- Hagfa Pinyim: med6
- IPA: /met̚⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: mĕ̤k
- IPA (key): /møyʔ⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ba̍k
- Tâi-lô: ba̍k
- Phofsit Daibuun: bak
- IPA (Xiamen): /bak̚⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /bak̚²⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /bak̚¹²¹/
- IPA (Taipei): /bak̚⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /bak̚⁴/
- (Hokkien)
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: meq (T5)
- IPA (key): /məʔ¹²/
- (Shanghainese)
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 墨 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 明 (4) |
| Final (韻) | 德 (131) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 莫北切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/mək̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/mək̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/mək̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/mək̚/ |
| Li Rong |
/mək̚/ |
| Wang Li |
/mək̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/mək̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
mò |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 墨 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
mò |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ mok › |
| Old Chinese |
/*C.mˤək/ |
| English | ink |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 墨 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 5106 |
| Phonetic component |
黑 |
| Rime group |
職 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
墨 |
| Old Chinese |
/*mlɯːɡ/ |
Definitions
墨
- Chinese ink or ink in general
- black; ink-coloured; dark
- (historical) to tattoo the face
- (figuratively) to embezzle
- (figuratively) someone's poetry, essays handwriting or painting
- (figuratively) learning; knowledge
- Short for 墨家 (“Mohism”).
- Short for 墨西哥 (Mòxīgē, “Mexico”).
Compounds
Derived terms from 墨
|
|
|
Descendants
Others:
- Khmer: មឹក (mœ̆k, “squid; ink”)
- Lao: ມຶກ (mưk, “ink; black”), ຫມຶກ (mưk, “black; ink”), ໝຶກ (mưk, “sepia from cuttlefish; ink; black”)
- Thai: หมึก (mʉ̀k, “ink”), ปลาหมึก (bplaa-mʉ̀k, “cuttlefish”)
- Vietnamese: mực (“cuttlefish; ink”)
Korean
Hanja
墨 • (muk) (hangeul 묵)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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