Definify.com
Definition 2025
誰
誰
See also: 谁
Translingual
| Stroke order | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| |||
Han character
誰 (radical 149 言+8, 15 strokes, cangjie input 卜口人土 (YROG), four-corner 00614, composition ⿰言隹)
References
- KangXi: page 1165, character 11
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35686
- Dae Jaweon: page 1630, character 27
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 6, page 3987, character 10
- Unihan data for U+8AB0
Chinese
Glyph origin
| Characters in the same phonetic series (隹) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 蜼 | *lus, *rulʔ, *luls |
| 堆 | *tuːl |
| 嵟 | *tuːl |
| 碓 | *tuːls |
| 推 | *tʰuːl, *tʰjul |
| 蓷 | *tʰuːl, *tʰjul |
| 陮 | *duːlʔ |
| 魋 | *duːl |
| 嶊 | *stuːlʔ |
| 崔 | *zluːl, *sʰluːl |
| 猚 | *ŋreːl, *rulʔ |
| 椎 | *dul |
| 顀 | *dul |
| 隹 | *tjul |
| 錐 | *tjul |
| 萑 | *kljul |
| 騅 | *tjul |
| 鵻 | *sɢʷinʔ, *tjul |
| 誰 | *djul |
| 脽 | *djul |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *djul) : semantic 言 (“speak”) + phonetic 隹 (OC *tjul) – to ask “who?”.
Etymology 1
| trad. | 誰 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 谁 | |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing, vernacular)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄕㄟˊ
- Wade-Giles: shei2
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sheir
- IPA (key): /ʂeɪ̯³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing, literary)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄕㄨㄟˊ
- Wade-Giles: shui2
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shwei
- IPA (key): /ʂu̯eɪ̯³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing, vernacular)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: seoi4
- Yale: sèuih
- Cantonese Pinyin: soey4
- IPA (key): /sɵy̯²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sùi
- Hakka Romanization System: suiˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: sui2
- IPA: /su̯i¹¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sûi / chûi
- Tâi-lô: suî / tsuî
- Phofsit Daibuun: suii, zuii
- IPA (Xiamen): /sui²⁴/, /t͡sui²⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /sui²⁴/, /t͡sui²⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /sui¹³/, /t͡sui¹³/
- IPA (Taipei): /sui²⁴/, /t͡sui²⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /sui²³/, /t͡sui²³/
- Note: sûi - literary; chûi - vernacular.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: sui5
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sûi
- IPA (key): /sui⁵⁵/
- (Hokkien)
- Dialectal data▼
| Variety | Location | 誰 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing |
/ʂei³⁵/ /ʂuei³⁵/ |
| Harbin |
/ʂei²⁴/ /ʂuei²⁴/ |
|
| Tianjin |
/sei⁴⁵/ /suei⁴⁵/ |
|
| Jinan |
/ʂuei⁴²/ /ʂei⁴²/ |
|
| Qingdao | /ʂe⁴²/ | |
| Zhengzhou |
/ʂuei⁴²/ /ʂei⁴²/ |
|
| Xi'an | /sei²⁴/ | |
| Xining | /fɨ²⁴/ | |
| Yinchuan | /ʂuei⁵³/ | |
| Lanzhou | /fei⁵³/ | |
| Ürümqi | /sei⁵¹/ | |
| Wuhan | /suei²¹³/ | |
| Chengdu | /suei³¹/ | |
| Guiyang | /suei²¹/ | |
| Kunming | /suei³¹/ | |
| Nanjing | /ʂuəi²⁴/ | |
| Hefei | /ʂue⁵⁵/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan |
/sei¹¹/ /suei¹¹/ |
| Pingyao | /suei¹³/ | |
| Hohhot | /suei³¹/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /zø²³/ |
| Suzhou | /ze̞¹³/ | |
| Hangzhou | /d͡zz̩ʷei²¹³/ | |
| Wenzhou | /zz̩³¹/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /ɕye⁴⁴/ |
| Tunxi | ||
| Xiang | Changsha | /ɕyei¹³/ |
| Xiangtan | /ɕyəi¹²/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | |
| Hakka | Meixian | /sui¹¹/ |
| Taoyuan | ||
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /søy²¹/ |
| Nanning | /sui²¹/ | |
| Hong Kong | /søy²¹/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) | /sui³⁵/ |
| Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /suoi⁵³/ | |
| Jian'ou (Min Bei) | /sy³³/ | |
| Shantou (Min Nan) | /sui⁵⁵/ | |
| Haikou (Min Nan) | /ʔdiaŋ³³/ 訓讀 |
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 誰 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 常 (25) |
| Final (韻) | 脂 (16) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 視隹切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/d͡ʑiuɪ/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/d͡ʑʷi/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/d͡ʑjuɪ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/d͡ʑwi/ |
| Li Rong |
/ʑui/ |
| Wang Li |
/ʑwi/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/ʑwi/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
chuí |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 誰 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 17725 |
| Phonetic component |
隹 |
| Rime group |
微 |
| Rime subdivision |
2 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
誰 |
| Old Chinese |
/*djul/ |
Definitions
誰
- who; whom
- 他是誰? / 他是谁? ― Tā shì shuí? ― Who is he?
- 我們的老師是誰? / 我们的老师是谁? ― Wǒmen de lǎoshī shì shuí? ― Who is our teacher?
- 誰來了? / 谁来了? ― Shuí lái le? ― Who has come?
-
- 我們遲到是誰的過失? [MSC, trad.]
- 我们迟到是谁的过失? [MSC, simp.]
- Wǒmen chídào shì shuí de guòshī? [Pinyin]
- Whose fault is it that we are late?
- 他們邀請誰了? / 他们邀请谁了? ― Tāmen yāoqǐng shuí le? ― Whom did they invite?
- someone; anyone
- anyone; whoever
- A surname.
Etymology 2
| trad. | 誰 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 谁 | |
| alt. forms | 倽 | |
From elision of 啥人 (siáⁿ-lâng).
Pronunciation
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Lukang, Yilan, Hsinchu)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siâng
- Tâi-lô: siâng
- Phofsit Daibuun: siaang
- IPA (Xiamen): /ɕiaŋ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sâng
- Tâi-lô: sâng
- Phofsit Daibuun: saang
- IPA (Quanzhou): /saŋ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siáng
- Tâi-lô: siáng
- Phofsit Daibuun: siarng
- IPA (Taipei): /ɕiaŋ⁵³/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɕiaŋ⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Lukang, Yilan, Hsinchu)
Definitions
誰
Etymology 3
| trad. | 誰 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 谁 | |
From elision of 底人 (tī-lâng).
Pronunciation
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Kinmen, Magong)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiâng
- Tâi-lô: tiâng
- Phofsit Daibuun: diaang
- IPA (Xiamen): /tiaŋ²⁴/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: diang5
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tiâng
- IPA (key): /tiaŋ⁵⁵/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Kinmen, Magong)
Definitions
誰
Etymology 4
| trad. | 誰 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 谁 | |
From shortening of 是誰/是谁 (chī-chūi), from 是誰/是谁 (sī-sûi).
Pronunciation
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chūi
- Tâi-lô: tsuī
- Phofsit Daibuun: zui
- IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sui²²/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sui⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
Definitions
誰
Etymology 5
| trad. | 誰 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 谁 | |
| alt. forms |
孰 (chiâ) 咜 (chôa) |
|
From shortening of 是誰/是谁 (chī-choa̍h), from 是誰啊/是谁啊 (sī-sûi--ah).
Pronunciation
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: choa̍h
- Tâi-lô: tsua̍h
- Phofsit Daibuun: zoah
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡suaʔ¹²¹/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chôa
- Tâi-lô: tsuâ
- Phofsit Daibuun: zoaa
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sua¹³/
- (Hokkien: Taichung)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiâ
- Tâi-lô: tsiâ
- Phofsit Daibuun: ciaa
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
Definitions
誰
Synonyms
| Dialectal synonyms of 誰 (“who; whom”) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | 誰、誰人、何人 | |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 誰 | |
| Mandarin | Beijing | 誰 |
| Taiwan | 誰 | |
| Jinan | 誰 | |
| Xi'an | 誰 | |
| Wuhan | 哪個、啥個 | |
| Chengdu | 哪個、啥子人 | |
| Yangzhou | 哪一個、哪個 | |
| Hefei | 哪個、哈個 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 邊個、乜誰 |
| Hong Kong | 邊個、乜誰 | |
| Taishan | 誰、阿誰 | |
| Yangjiang | 乜誰 | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 哪個 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 麼人 |
| Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 麼人、麼儕 | |
| Liudui (S. Sixian) | 麼人、麼儕 | |
| Hsinchu (Hailu) | 麼人、麼儕 | |
| Dongshi (Dabu) | 麼人、麼儕 | |
| Zhuolan (Raoping) | 麼人、麼儕 | |
| Yunlin (Zhao'an) | 麼儕 | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 誰、誰們 |
| Min Bei | Jian'ou | 孰人 |
| Min Dong | Fuzhou | 底人 |
| Min Nan | Quanzhou | 誰、是誰、啥人 |
| Xiamen | 誰、是誰、啥人、啥物人、什物人、底人 | |
| Zhangzhou | 誰、是誰、啥人 | |
| Taipei | 啥物人 | |
| Kaohsiung | 啥物人 | |
| Tainan | 啥物人 | |
| Taichung | 誰、啥人 | |
| Yilan | 啥人、誰 | |
| Lukang | 啥物人、誰 | |
| Sanxia | 啥人 | |
| Kinmen | 誰 | |
| Magong | 誰 | |
| Hsinchu | 誰、啥物人 | |
| Malaysia | 誰誰、誰誰人、是誰 | |
| Chaozhou | 底人、誰 | |
| Wu | Shanghai | 啥人 |
| Suzhou | 啥人 | |
| Wenzhou | 何人、何呢人 | |
| Xiang | Changsha | 哪個 |
| Shuangfeng | 哪個 | |
See also
Question words
- 嗎/吗 (ma, “yes/no question particle”)
- 什麼/什么 (shénme, “what”)
- 怎麼/怎么 (zěnme, “how”)
- 什麼時候/什么时候 (shénme shíhòu, “when”)
- 哪 (nǎ, “what, which”)
- 哪裡/哪里 (nǎlǐ), 哪兒/哪儿 (nǎr) (where)
- 呢 (ne, “reciprocal questions particle”)
Japanese
Pronoun
- interrogative personal pronoun; who
Pronoun
- interrogative personal pronoun; who
- 1603–1604, Nippo Jisho (page 614)
- Tare. タレ (誰) 誰. 例, Tarega maittaca. l, tareca maitta. (誰が参つたか. まはは, 誰か参つた) 誰が来たか. Tare naritomo. (誰なりとも) 誰であろうとも.
- 1603–1604, Nippo Jisho (page 614)
Etymology
From earlier /tare/. The voicing of the initial /t-/ to /d-/ is likely due to analogy to the interrogative demonstrative 何処 (doko).
Pronoun
- interrogative personal pronoun; who
Synonyms
Kanji
誰
- interrogative personal pronoun; who
Readings
References
- Doi, Tadao (1603–1604) Hōyaku Nippo Jisho (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, ISBN 978-4-00-080021-1, published 1980.
Korean
Hanja
誰 • (su) (hangeul 수, McCune-Reischauer su, Yale swu)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
Vietnamese
Han character
誰 (thùy, thuỳ)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
