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Definition 2025
恨
恨
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Translingual
| Stroke order | |||
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Han character
恨 (radical 61 心+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 心日女 (PAV), four-corner 97032, composition ⿰忄艮)
References
- KangXi: page 385, character 9
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10588
- Dae Jaweon: page 716, character 5
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2299, character 3
- Unihan data for U+6068
Chinese
|
simp. and trad. |
恨 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph origin
| Characters in the same phonetic series (艮) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 艱 | *krɯːn |
| 齦 | *kʰrɯːnʔ, *kʰɯːnʔ, *ŋɯn |
| 眼 | *ŋrɯːnʔ |
| 蛝 | *ɡrɯːn |
| 限 | *ɡrɯːnʔ |
| 硍 | *ɡrɯːnʔ |
| 豤 | *kʰɯːnʔ, *kʰɯːnʔ, *kʰuːn |
| 詪 | *ɡlɯːnʔ, *kɯːnʔ, *kɯːns |
| 根 | *kɯːn |
| 跟 | *kɯːn |
| 珢 | *kɯːn, *kɯːns, *ŋrɯn |
| 艮 | *kɯːns |
| 茛 | *kɯːns |
| 墾 | *kʰɯːnʔ |
| 懇 | *kʰɯːnʔ |
| 垠 | *ŋɯːn, *ŋrɯn, *ŋɯn |
| 泿 | *ŋɯːn, *ŋrɯn |
| 痕 | *ɡɯːn |
| 拫 | *ɡɯːn |
| 鞎 | *ɡɯːn |
| 很 | *ɡɯːnʔ |
| 恨 | *ɡɯːns |
| 銀 | *ŋrɯn |
| 檭 | *ŋrɯn |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɡɯːns) : semantic 忄 + phonetic 艮 (OC *kɯːns).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): han6
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): hen
- Min Dong (BUC): hâung
- Min Nan (POJ): hūn / hīn
- Wu (Wiktionary): hhen (T3)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄏㄣˋ
- Wade-Giles: hên4
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: henn
- IPA (key): /xən⁵¹/
-
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: han6
- Yale: hahn
- Cantonese Pinyin: han6
- IPA (key): /hɐn²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hen
- Hakka Romanization System: hen
- Hagfa Pinyim: hen4
- IPA: /hen⁵⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: hâung
- IPA (key): /hɔuŋ²⁴²/
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hūn / hīn
- Tâi-lô: hūn / hīn
- Phofsit Daibuun: hun, hin
- IPA (Xiamen): /hun²²/, /hin²²/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /hun⁴¹/, /hin⁴¹/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /hun²²/, /hin²²/
- IPA (Taipei): /hun³³/, /hin³³/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /hun³³/, /hin³³/
- (Hokkien)
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: hhen (T3)
- IPA (key): /ɦəɲ²³/
- (Shanghainese)
- Dialectal data▼
| Variety | Location | 恨 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /xən⁵¹/ |
| Harbin | /xən⁵³/ | |
| Tianjin | /xən⁵³/ | |
| Jinan | /xẽ²¹/ | |
| Qingdao | /xə̃⁴²/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /xən³¹²/ | |
| Xi'an | /xẽ⁴⁴/ | |
| Xining | /xə̃²¹³/ | |
| Yinchuan | /xəŋ¹³/ | |
| Lanzhou | /xə̃n¹³/ | |
| Ürümqi | /xɤŋ²¹³/ | |
| Wuhan | /xən³⁵/ | |
| Chengdu | /xən¹³/ | |
| Guiyang | /xen²¹³/ | |
| Kunming | /xə̃²¹²/ | |
| Nanjing | /xən⁴⁴/ | |
| Hefei | /xən⁵³/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan |
/xəŋ⁴⁵/ 仇~ /xəŋ⁵³/ ~人 |
| Pingyao |
/xəŋ⁵³/ /xəŋ³⁵/ |
|
| Hohhot | /xə̃ŋ⁵⁵/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ɦəŋ²³/ |
| Suzhou | /ɦən³¹/ | |
| Hangzhou | /ɦen¹³/ | |
| Wenzhou | /ɦaŋ²²/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /xʌ̃²²/ |
| Tunxi | /xɛ¹¹/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /xən⁵⁵/ |
| Xiangtan | /hən⁵⁵/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /hɛn²¹/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /hen⁵³/ |
| Taoyuan | /hen⁵⁵/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /hɐŋ²²/ |
| Nanning | /hɐn²²/ | |
| Hong Kong | /hɐŋ²²/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) | /hun²²/ |
| Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /hɔuŋ²⁴²/ | |
| Jian'ou (Min Bei) | /xaiŋ⁴⁴/ | |
| Shantou (Min Nan) | /hɯŋ³⁵/ | |
| Haikou (Min Nan) | /hun³³/ |
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 恨 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) |
| Final (韻) | 痕 (53) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 胡艮切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/ɦənH/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/ɦənH/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/ɣənH/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/ɦənH/ |
| Li Rong |
/ɣənH/ |
| Wang Li |
/ɣənH/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/ɣənH/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
hèn |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 恨 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
hèn |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ honH › |
| Old Chinese |
/*[m-q]ˤə[n]-s/ |
| English | regret |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 恨 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 3938 |
| Phonetic component |
艮 |
| Rime group |
文 |
| Rime subdivision |
1 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
恨 |
| Old Chinese |
/*ɡɯːns/ |
Definitions
恨
Compounds
Derived terms from 恨
Descendants
Japanese
Kanji
恨
- rancor