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Definition 2024

胡

胡

See also: 楜, 衚, and 鬍

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

胡 (radical 130 肉+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 十口月 (JRB), four-corner 47620, composition ⿰古月)

References

  • KangXi: page 979, character 12
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29400
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1431, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 3, page 2056, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+80E1

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 胡
Large seal script Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (古) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
箇 *kaːls
個 *kaːls
居 *kɯ, *kas
橭 *kaː, *kʰaː
嫴 *kaː
姑 *kaː
辜 *kaː
酤 *kaː, *kaːs, *ɡaːʔ
蛄 *kaː
鴣 *kaː
沽 *kaː, *kaːʔ, *kaːs
盬 *kaː, *kaːʔ
古 *kaːʔ
罟 *kaːʔ
估 *kaːʔ
鈷 *kaːʔ
詁 *kaːʔ
牯 *kaːʔ
故 *kaːs
固 *kaːs
稒 *kaːɡs
痼 *kaːɡs
錮 *kaːɡs
鯝 *kaːɡs
棝 *kaːɡs
凅 *kaːɡs
枯 *kʰaː
軲 *kʰaː
跍 *kʰaː
骷 *kʰaː
苦 *kʰaːʔ, *kʰaːs
葫 *qʰaː, *ɡaː
餬 *ɡaː
瑚 *ɡaː
湖 *ɡaː
鶘 *ɡaː
猢 *ɡaː
醐 *ɡaː
糊 *ɡaː
箶 *ɡaː
蝴 *ɡaː
胡 *ɡaː
瓳 *ɡaː
怙 *ɡaːʔ
祜 *ɡaːʔ
岵 *ɡaːʔ
婟 *ɡaːʔ, *ɡaːɡs
楛 *ɡaːʔ
据 *ka
裾 *ka
琚 *ka
椐 *ka, *kas, *kʰa
鶋 *ka
蜛 *ka
崌 *ka
涺 *ka
腒 *ka, *ɡa
鋸 *kas
倨 *kas
踞 *kas
涸 *ɡaːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɡaː) : phonetic 古 ‎(OC *kaːʔ) + semantic ⺼.

Etymology 1

simp. and trad.
 胡

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 胡
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 匣 (33)
Final (韻) 模 (23)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 戸吳切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ɦuo/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ɦuo/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ɣo/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ɦɔ/
Li
Rong		 /ɣo/
Wang
Li		 /ɣu/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ɣuo/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 hú
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 胡
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 hú
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ hu ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[ɡ]ˤa/
English foreigners in the north

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 胡
Reading # 1/1
No. 4255
Phonetic
component		 古
Rime
group		 魚
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 胡
Old
Chinese		 /*ɡaː/

Definitions

胡

  1. †wattle; dewlap (fleshy lobe hanging from the head or neck of animals)
    1. †wattle-like object, such as pendent parts on implements
  2. †how; why; what
  3. (historical) barbarian; a generic term for any non-Han peoples who lived to the north and west of China's borders
    1. (historical) countries and peoples in the Western Regions, including Persia, Daqin, and in Pre-Tang texts, India
    2. (by extension) introduced from the northern or western non-Han peoples or from abroad; non-Chinese; foreign; imported
    3. (music) Short for 胡琴 (húqín, “huqin; general term for two-stringed bowed instruments with origins in the western non-Han peoples”).
  4. (historical) (～國) State of Hu in the Spring and Autumn Period in modern-day Anhui, conquered by the State of Chu in 496 BCE
  5. †black; dark-skinned
  6. †far; great; senior
  7. outrageously; recklessly; wildly; foolishly
  8. A surname​.
    胡錦濤 / 胡锦涛  ―  Hú Jǐntāo  ―  Hu Jintao

Compounds

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 胡 – see 鬍 (“beard”).
(This character, 胡, is the simplified form of 鬍.)
Notes:

Etymology 3

For pronunciation and definitions of 胡 – see 衚 (“alley”).
(This character, 胡, is the simplified form of 衚.)
Notes:

Japanese

Kanji

胡

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

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Readings

Compounds

Korean

Hanja

胡 • ‎(ho) (hangeul 호, revised ho, McCune-Reischauer ho, Yale ho)

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Vietnamese

Han character

胡 (hồ, hò, ha)

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