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Definition 2024

眼

眼

See also: 眠

Translingual

Han character

眼 (radical 109 目+6, 11 strokes, cangjie input 月山日女 (BUAV), four-corner 67032, composition ⿰目艮)

References

  • KangXi: page 807, character 11
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 23318
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1222, character 26
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2488, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+773C

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 眼

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (艮) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
艱 *krɯːn
齦 *kʰrɯːnʔ, *kʰɯːnʔ, *ŋɯn
眼 *ŋrɯːnʔ
蛝 *ɡrɯːn
限 *ɡrɯːnʔ
硍 *ɡrɯːnʔ
豤 *kʰɯːnʔ, *kʰɯːnʔ, *kʰuːn
詪 *ɡlɯːnʔ, *kɯːnʔ, *kɯːns
根 *kɯːn
跟 *kɯːn
珢 *kɯːn, *kɯːns, *ŋrɯn
艮 *kɯːns
茛 *kɯːns
墾 *kʰɯːnʔ
懇 *kʰɯːnʔ
垠 *ŋɯːn, *ŋrɯn, *ŋɯn
泿 *ŋɯːn, *ŋrɯn
痕 *ɡɯːn
拫 *ɡɯːn
鞎 *ɡɯːn
很 *ɡɯːnʔ
恨 *ɡɯːns
銀 *ŋrɯn
檭 *ŋrɯn

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ŋrɯːnʔ) : semantic 目 ‎(“eye”) + phonetic 艮 ‎(OC *kɯːns) – an ability or an action of the eye.

Etymology 1

Derived from Etymology 2. Displaced common Sino-Tibetan 目 (OC *muɡ, “eye”) in many dialects.

Pronunciation

  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 眼
Mandarin Beijing /ian²¹⁴/
Harbin /ian²¹³/
Tianjin /ian¹³/
Jinan /iã⁵⁵/
Qingdao /iã⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /ian⁵³/
Xi'an /niã⁵³/
Xining /ȵiã⁵³/
Yinchuan /ian⁵³/
Lanzhou /iɛ̃n⁴⁴²/
Ürümqi /ian⁵¹/
Wuhan /iɛn⁴²/
Chengdu /ian⁵³/
Guiyang /ian⁴²/
Kunming /iɛ̃⁵³/
Nanjing /ien²¹²/
Hefei /iĩ²⁴/
Jin Taiyuan /ie⁵³/ 新
/nie⁵³/ 舊
Pingyao /ȵiɑŋ⁵³/
Hohhot /ie⁵³/
Wu Shanghai /ŋe²³/
Suzhou /ŋe̞³¹/
Hangzhou /ʔiẽ̞⁵³/
Wenzhou /ŋa³⁵/
Hui Shexian /ŋɛ³⁵/
Tunxi /ŋɔ²⁴/
Xiang Changsha /iẽ⁴¹/
/ŋan⁴¹/
Xiangtan /ŋan⁴²/
Gan Nanchang /ŋan²¹³/
Hakka Meixian /ŋian³¹/
Taoyuan /ŋien³¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /ŋan²³/
Nanning /ŋɛn²⁴/
Hong Kong /ŋan¹³/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /gan⁵³/
/giŋ⁵³/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /ŋaŋ⁵³/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /ŋaiŋ²¹/
Shantou (Min Nan) /ŋaŋ⁵³/
Haikou (Min Nan) /hai²¹³/ 龍～
/mak̚³/ 訓目
Rime
Character 眼
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 疑 (31)
Final (韻) 山 (73)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 五限切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ŋˠɛnX/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ŋᵚænX/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ŋænX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ŋəɨnX/
Li
Rong		 /ŋɛnX/
Wang
Li		 /ŋænX/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ŋănX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 yǎn
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 眼
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 yǎn
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ ngɛnX ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[ŋ]ˤ<r>ə[n]ʔ/
English eye

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 眼
Reading # 1/1
No. 3914
Phonetic
component		 艮
Rime
group		 文
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 眼
Old
Chinese		 /*ŋrɯːnʔ/

Definitions

眼

  1. eye   (Classifier: 隻／只; 雙／双)
    ⇒ 目
  2. † to see; to view; to see ... in person
  3. † to keep sight of; to monitor; to watch
  4. sight; vision
  5. † to testify; to witness
  6. eyelet; aperture; hole; opening
  7. †loophole; shortcoming
  8. †bubbles of boiling water
  9. mesh
  10. key point; critical moment
  11. (Go) trap
  12. Classifier for springs, wells and ponds.
Synonyms
  • (eye):
Dialectal synonyms of 眼睛 (“eye”)
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 目
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 眼睛
Mandarin Beijing 眼睛
Jinan 眼
Xi'an 眼窩、眼睛
Wuhan 眼睛
Chengdu 眼睛
Yangzhou 眼睛
Hefei 眼
Cantonese Guangzhou 眼
Hong Kong 眼
Taishan 眼
Yangjiang 眼
Gan Nanchang 眼睛
Hakka Meixian 目珠、眼珠
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 目珠
Liudui (S. Sixian) 目珠、眼珠
Hsinchu (Hailu) 目珠
Dongshi (Dabu) 目珠
Zhuolan (Raoping) 目珠
Yunlin (Zhao'an) 目珠
Jin Taiyuan 眼睛、眼
Min Bei Jian'ou 目睭
Min Dong Fuzhou 目睭、目
Min Nan Xiamen 目睭、目
Taipei 目睭、目
Chaozhou 目
Wu Suzhou 眼睛、眼烏珠
Wenzhou 眼烏珠、眼靈珠、眼兒珠
Xiang Changsha 眼睛
Shuangfeng 眼珠

Compounds

Etymology 2

Unknown.

Pronunciation

Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 眼
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 wěn
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ ngonX ›
Old
Chinese		 /*ŋˤə[n]ʔ/
English protrude as a knob

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Definitions

眼

  1. †protruding; bulging (like bulging eyes)

Japanese

Etymology

Kanji in this term
眼
まなこ
Grade: 5
kun'yomi

Compound of 目 ‎(ma, “eye”) + の ‎(no, genitive case) + 子 ‎(ko, nominalizing suffix). Initial ma is the unbound form of 目 ‎(me, id).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [manako]

Noun

眼 ‎(hiragana まなこ, romaji manako)

  1. the pupil; also, the eyes in general
    • c. 790: Daihannya-kyō Ongi (Ishiyamadera manuscript, page 34)
      眼晴 [...] 倭言麻那古

Noun

眼 ‎(hiragana め, romaji me)

  1. Alternative form of 目

Kanji

眼

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

References

  • Tsukishima, Hiroshi (1978) Kojisho Ongi Shūsei 3: Daihannya-kyō Ongi, Daihannya-kyō Jishō (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Kyūko Shoin, ISBN 4-7629-3090-3

Korean

Hanja

眼 • ‎(an) (hangeul 안, McCune-Reischauer an, Yale an)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Character

Readings

References

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