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Definition 2024


See also: and

Translingual

Han character

(radical 167 +6, 14 strokes, cangjie input 金日女 (CAV), four-corner 87132, composition)

References

  • KangXi: page 1303, character 25
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40355
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1805, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 6, page 4202, character 18
  • Unihan data for U+9280

Chinese

trad.
simp.

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character
Large seal script Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series () (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
*krɯːn
*kʰrɯːnʔ, *kʰɯːnʔ, *ŋɯn
*ŋrɯːnʔ
*ɡrɯːn
*ɡrɯːnʔ
*ɡrɯːnʔ
*kʰɯːnʔ, *kʰɯːnʔ, *kʰuːn
*ɡlɯːnʔ, *kɯːnʔ, *kɯːns
*kɯːn
*kɯːn
*kɯːn, *kɯːns, *ŋrɯn
*kɯːns
*kɯːns
*kʰɯːnʔ
*kʰɯːnʔ
*ŋɯːn, *ŋrɯn, *ŋɯn
泿 *ŋɯːn, *ŋrɯn
*ɡɯːn
*ɡɯːn
*ɡɯːn
*ɡɯːnʔ
*ɡɯːns
*ŋrɯn
*ŋrɯn

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ŋrɯn) : semantic  (metal) + phonetic  (OC *kɯːns).

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ŋul ~ (d-)ŋur. Cognate with Tibetan དངུལ (dngul), Burmese ငွေ (ngwe).

Pronunciation



  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /in³⁵/
Harbin /in²⁴/
Tianjin /in⁴⁵/
Jinan /iẽ⁴²/
Qingdao /iə̃⁴²/
Zhengzhou /in⁴²/
Xi'an /iẽ²⁴/
Xining /iə̃²⁴/
Yinchuan /iŋ⁵³/
Lanzhou /ĩn⁵³/
Ürümqi /iŋ⁵¹/
Wuhan /in²¹³/
Chengdu /in³¹/
Guiyang /in²¹/
Kunming /ĩ¹/
Nanjing /in²⁴/
Hefei /in⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /iəŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /ȵiŋ¹³/
Hohhot /ĩŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /ȵiŋ²³/
Suzhou /ȵin¹³/
Hangzhou /ȵin²¹³/
Wenzhou /ȵaŋ³¹/
Hui Shexian /niʌ̃⁴⁴/
Tunxi /ȵin⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /in¹³/
Xiangtan /ȵin¹²/
Gan Nanchang /ȵin⁴⁵/
Hakka Meixian /ŋiun¹¹/
Taoyuan
Cantonese Guangzhou /ŋɐn²¹/
Nanning /ŋɐn²¹/
Hong Kong /ŋɐn²¹/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /gun³⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /ŋyŋ⁵³/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /ŋœyŋ³³/
Shantou (Min Nan) /ŋɯŋ⁵⁵/
Haikou (Min Nan) /ŋin³¹/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (31)
Final () (44)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () Chongniu III
Fanqie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ŋˠiɪn/
Pan
Wuyun
/ŋᵚin/
Shao
Rongfen
/ŋien/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ŋjin/
Li
Rong
/ŋjĕn/
Wang
Li
/ŋǐĕn/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ŋi̯ĕn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
yín
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
yín
Middle
Chinese
‹ ngin ›
Old
Chinese
/*ŋrə[n]/
English silver

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 3939
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*ŋrɯn/

Definitions

  1. silver (metal)
    /    báiyín   platinum
  2. silver (colour)
  3. made of silver
  4. money; cash
    / [Cantonese]   ngan4-2 zai2 [Jyutping]   coins
  5. A surname.

Compounds

Descendants

Sino-Xenic ():

Others:

  • Hmong-Mien: *ɲʷi̯ən (silver)
    • White Hmong: nyiaj (silver, money)
  • Tai:
    • Lao: ເງິນ (ngœn, silver, money)
    • Thai: เงิน (ngən, silver, money)
    • Zhuang: ngaenz (silver, money)

Japanese

Kanji

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. silver

Readings

Compounds

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
かね
Grade: 3
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese. May be ultimately derived from onomatopoeia カンカン (kankan, clang clang), the sound of hitting metal. Compare Cantonese (gam, metal, gold), Sanskrit कनक (kanaka, gold, golden), possibly suggesting a common onomatopoeic derivation.

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Noun

(hiragana かね, romaji kane)

  1. metal
  2. money
Usage notes

In former times, silver was the basis for the Japanese economy. In modern Japanese, kane is more commonly spelled using the character for gold: . The money sense is more commonly prefixed with (o-).

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
しろがね
Grade: 3
kun'yomi

Compound of (shiro, white) + (kane, metal). Starting from the Muromachi Period, the kane changes to gane due to rendaku (連濁).

Pronunciation

Noun

(hiragana しろがね, romaji shirogane)

  1. silver
  2. silver dust mixed into glue or some other base: silver paint or lacquer
  3. silver thread
  4. silver coin
  5. the color silver
Compounds

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
ぎん
Grade: 3
on'yomi
Chemical element
Ag Previous: パラジウム (parajiumu) (Pd)
Next: カドミウム (kadomiumu) (Cd)

From Sinitic .

Pronunciation

Noun

(hiragana ぎん, romaji gin)

  1. silver (Ag)
  2. (shogi) short for 銀将 (ginsho, the silver general, a shogi piece)

Korean

Hanja

(eun) (hangeul , revised eun, McCune-Reischauer ŭn, Yale un)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

(ngân, cộng, công)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Compounds