English
Suffix
-est
- Used to form the superlative of adjectives and adverbs.
- longest, biggest, fastest
Usage notes
- See -er for notes on the usage of this suffix to form superlatives.
- Occasionally, the -est suffix is added to a verbal adjective as a substitute for most. An example is winningest.
Coordinate terms
Related terms
Translations
superlative of adjectives and adverbs
- Arabic: اَلـ (ar) (al--) (a superlative pattern of the adjective)
- Armenian: ամենա- (amena-), -գույն (-guyn)
- Basque: -en
- Breton: -añ (br)
- Burmese:
- Chinese:
- Mandarin: 最 (zh) (zuì) (prefix)
- Czech: nej-
- Danish: -est
- Dutch: -ste (nl)
- Esperanto: plej (eo)
- Finnish: (for adjectives) -in (fi)
- French: le plus (put before the adjective), e.g. biggest = le plus grand
- Georgian:
- German: -ster m, -ste f, am ...-sten (adverbs)
- Japanese: 一番 (いちばん, ichiban; placed before the adjective), 最も (もっとも, mottomo), 最 (ja) (さい, sai-) (Sino-Japanese prefix)
- Khmer:
- Korean: 가장 (ko) (gajang), 제일 (ko) (jeil) (第一 (ko)), 최- (ko) (choe-) (最 (ko)) (Sino-Korean prefix)
- Lao: ...ທີ່ສຸດ (...thī sut)
- Malay: ter-
- Mongolian: хамгын (hamgyn)
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- Norwegian:
- Bokmål: -est, (before most long adjectives or adverbs) mest (no)
- Nynorsk: -ast, (before most long adjectives or adverbs) mest
- Polish: naj- (pl), najbardziej (before the adjective or adverb)
- Portuguese: mais (pt) used with definite article
- Russian: наи- (ru) (nai-) (prefix before comparative forms), са́мый (ru) (sámyj) (before adjectives in the normal form), наибо́лее (ru) (naibóleje) (before adjectives in the normal form), -е́йший (-éjšij), -а́йший (-ájšij) (suffixes follow an adjective form)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: нај-
- Roman: naj- (sh)
- Slovak: naj-
- Spanish: (before the adjective or adverb) el más
- Swedish: -ast (sv) (1), mest (sv) (before the adjective or adverb) (1)
- Thai: ...ที่สุด (th) (...têe-sùt)
- Turkish: en (tr)
- Vietnamese: ... nhất (vi), tối ... (vi) (Sino-Vietnamese prefix)
- Welsh: -af
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Etymology 2
From Middle English -est, -st, from Old English -est, -ast, -st, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *-zi, from Proto-Indo-European *-si. The -t was by transfer from inverted order where thou followed the verb, which also occurred in most dialects of Middle Dutch and Middle High German (compare modern German -st).
Suffix
-est
- (archaic) Used to form the second-person singular present tense and past tense of verbs.
- goest, makest, wentest, madest
Translations
second-person singular present tense of verbs
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- Polish: -esz, -isz, -ysz, -asz
- Portuguese: -as (pt) (1st conjugation), -es (pt) (2nd and 3rd conjugation)
- Russian: -ешь (-ešʹ), -ёшь (-jošʹ), -ишь (-išʹ), -ашь (-ašʹ)
- Spanish: -as (es), -es (es)
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See also
Old English
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *-ust-.
Suffix
-est f
- suffix forming feminine nouns, originally from verbs
- eornost (“earnest”)
- þēnest (“service”)
- ofost (“haste”)
- orrest (“battle, combat”)
Declension
Declension of -est (strong ō-stem)