Esperanto

Etymology

The Esperanto suffixes -as, -is, -os, -us are related, and appear to have been inspired by previous language projects:

This play of vowels is not an original idea of Zamenhof's: -as, -is, -os are found for the three tenses of the infinitive in Faiguet's system of 1765; -a, -i, -o without a consonant are used like Z's -as, -is, -os by Rudelle (1858); Courtonne in 1885 had -am, -im, -om in the same values, and the similarity with Esperanto is here even more perfect than in the other projects, as -um corresponds to Z's -us. —An International Language (1928)

The vowel of -as is likely cognate with the Latin present, as in amat ‎(“s/he loves”), and the corresponding present infinitive amāre, permitting the natural (for an European) -ant ending. i could come from past tense in Latin ami, amisti.

Suffix

-as

1. ending of the present tense in verbs.

Hungarian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɒʃ]

Suffix

-as

1. (adjective suffix) Added to a noun to form an adjective meaning "having something, a quality".

   haj ‎(“hair”) + ‎-as → ‎hajas ‎(“covered with hair”)

2. (noun suffix) Added to a noun to form an occupation or a collective noun.

   fazék ‎(“pot”) + ‎-as → ‎fazekas ‎(“potter”)

3. (number suffix) Added to an ordinal number to form a digit or figure.

   három ‎(“three”) + ‎-as → ‎hármas ‎(“the digit or figure 3”)

Usage notes

• (all senses) Harmonic variants:

  -s is added to words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-.

  -os is added to some back vowel words ending in a consonant

  -as is added to other back vowel words ending in a consonant

  -es is added to unrounded front vowel words ending in a consonant

  -ös is added to rounded front vowel words ending in a consonant

Derived terms

See also

• Appendix:Hungarian suffixes

Ido

Etymology

From Esperanto.

Suffix

-as

1. ending of the present tense in verbs

Irish

Alternative forms

• -eas (after palatal consonants)

Etymology

From Old Irish -as, from Proto-Celtic *-assus, from Proto-Indo-European *-ad-tus.

Suffix

-as m

1. Nominal suffix, used to form abstract ideas or nouns

Derived terms

Latin

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /aːs/

Etymology 1

A declined form of -us ‎(suffix forming adjectives).

Suffix

-ās

1. accusative feminine plural of -us

Etymology 2

A conjugated form of -ō ‎(suffix forming first-conjugation verbs).

Suffix

-ās

1. second-person singular present active indicative of -ō

Etymology 3

A declined form of -a ‎(suffix forming masculine agent nouns).

Suffix

-ās m

1. accusative plural of -a

Lithuanian

Suffix

-as m

1. nominal suffix (ending) of the first declension of the nouns.
2. nominal suffix (ending) which indicates a demonym.

   Rusija ‎(“Russia”) + ‎-as → ‎rusas ‎(“Russian (person)”)

Derived terms

Northern Sami

Etymology

From Proto-Samic *-ës.

Suffix

-as

1. Forms nouns from verbs, indicating something used for performing the verb.

   vuoidat ‎(“to smear”) + ‎-as → ‎vuoiddas ‎(“ointment”)

Usage notes

This suffix triggers the weak grade on a preceding stressed syllable in the nominative singular and essive, and the strong grade in the other forms.

Inflection

Derived terms

Old English

Suffix

-as

1. Nominative and accusative case ending, originally of a-stem masculine nouns, later extended to other nouns.

Descendants

• English: -s

Old Irish

Alternative forms

• -es (after palatal consonants)
• -us

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *-assus, from Proto-Indo-European *-ad-tus.

Suffix

-as m

1. Nominal suffix, used to form abstract ideas or nouns

   óclach ‎(“young man”) + ‎-as → ‎óclachas ‎(“youth”)

   muinter ‎(“family”) + ‎-as → ‎muinteras ‎(“familiarity”)

Derived terms

Descendants

• Irish: -as
• Scottish Gaelic: -as

References

• Rudolf Thurneysen, A Grammar of Old Irish (Dublin, 1946), §261

Portuguese

Suffix

-as

1. forms the second-person singular present indicative of 1^st conjugation verbs

   falar ‎(“to speak”) + ‎-as → ‎falas ‎(“you speak”)

2. forms the second-person singular subjunctive present of 2^nd and 3^rd conjugation verbs

   correr ‎(“to run”) + ‎-as → ‎corras ‎(“that you run”)

3. forms the second-person singular negative imperative of 2^nd and 3^rd conjugation verbs

   correr ‎(“to run”) + ‎-as → ‎não corras ‎(“don’t run”)

Spanish

Suffix

-as

1. suffix indicating the second-person singular present indicative of -ar.
2. suffix indicative the second-person singular present subjunctive of -er verbs and -ir verbs

See also

• -es