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Definition 2024
硬
硬
See also: 峺
Translingual
Han character
硬 (radical 112 石+7, 12 strokes, cangjie input 一口一中大 (MRMLK), four-corner 11646, composition ⿰石更)
References
- KangXi: page 831, character 5
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24230
- Dae Jaweon: page 1247, character 3
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2432, character 6
- Unihan data for U+786C
Chinese
|
simp. and trad. |
硬 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph origin
| Characters in the same phonetic series (丙) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 更 | *kraːŋ, *kraːŋs |
| 粳 | *kraːŋ |
| 埂 | *kraːŋ, *kraːŋʔ |
| 浭 | *kraːŋ |
| 稉 | *kraːŋ |
| 梗 | *kraːŋʔ |
| 哽 | *kraːŋʔ |
| 綆 | *kraːŋʔ |
| 鯁 | *kraːŋʔ |
| 挭 | *kraːŋʔ |
| 骾 | *kraːŋʔ |
| 郠 | *kraːŋʔ |
| 硬 | *ŋɡraːŋs, *ŋɡraːŋs |
| 鞕 | *ŋɡraːŋs |
| 丙 | *pqraŋʔ |
| 炳 | *praŋʔ |
| 邴 | *praŋʔ, *praŋs |
| 怲 | *praŋʔ, *praŋs |
| 苪 | *praŋʔ |
| 蛃 | *praŋʔ |
| 昺 | *praŋʔ |
| 昞 | *praŋʔ |
| 窉 | *praŋʔ |
| 柄 | *praŋʔ, *praŋs |
| 鈵 | *praŋs |
| 寎 | *praŋs |
| 病 | *braŋs |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ŋɡraːŋs, *ŋɡraːŋs) : semantic 石 + phonetic 更 (OC *kraːŋ, *kraːŋs).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): ngaang6
- Gan (Wiktionary): ngang5
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ngang
- Jin (Wiktionary): ning3
- Min Nan
- Wu (Wiktionary): ngan (T3)
- Xiang (Wiktionary): ngen5
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄧㄥˋ
- Wade-Giles: ying4
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yinq
- IPA (key): /iŋ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: ngaang6
- Yale: ngaahng
- Cantonese Pinyin: ngaang6
- IPA (key): /ŋɑːŋ²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Gan
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngang
- Hakka Romanization System: ngang
- Hagfa Pinyim: ngang4
- IPA: /ŋaŋ⁵⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gěng
- Tâi-lô: gǐng
- IPA (Quanzhou): /giɪŋ²²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gēng
- Tâi-lô: gīng
- Phofsit Daibuun: geng
- IPA (Xiamen): /giɪŋ²²/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /giɪŋ²²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ngǐ
- Tâi-lô: ngǐ
- IPA (Quanzhou): /ŋi²²/
- (Hokkien: Taipei, Xiamen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ngī
- Tâi-lô: ngī
- Phofsit Daibuun: ngi
- IPA (Taipei): /ŋi³³/
- IPA (Xiamen): /ŋi²²/
- (Hokkien: Kaohsiung)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ngē
- Tâi-lô: ngē
- Phofsit Daibuun: nge
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /ŋe³³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ngēe
- Tâi-lô: ngēe
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /ŋɛ²²/
- Note: gěng/gēng - literary; ngǐ/ngī/ngē/ngēe - vernacular.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: ngên6
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ngĕⁿ
- IPA (key): /ŋẽ³⁵/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: ngan (T3)
- IPA (key): /ŋã²³/
- (Shanghainese)
- Xiang
- Dialectal data▼
| Variety | Location | 硬 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /iŋ⁵¹/ |
| Harbin | /iŋ⁵³/ | |
| Tianjin | /iŋ⁵³/ | |
| Jinan | /iŋ²¹/ | |
| Qingdao | /iŋ⁴²/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /əŋ³¹²/ | |
| Xi'an | /niŋ⁴⁴/ | |
| Xining | /ȵiə̃²¹³/ | |
| Yinchuan | /iŋ¹³/ | |
| Lanzhou | /ȵĩn¹³/ | |
| Ürümqi | /ȵiŋ²¹³/ | |
| Wuhan | /ŋən³⁵/ | |
| Chengdu | /ŋən¹³/ | |
| Guiyang |
/ŋen²¹³/ /in²¹³/ 新,少 |
|
| Kunming | /ə̃²¹²/ | |
| Nanjing | /ən⁴⁴/ | |
| Hefei | /ʐən⁵³/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /niəŋ⁴⁵/ |
| Pingyao |
/ȵiŋ³⁵/ /ȵie̞³⁵/ |
|
| Hohhot | /nĩŋ⁵⁵/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ŋã²³/ |
| Suzhou | /ŋã³¹/ | |
| Hangzhou | /ŋɑŋ¹³/ | |
| Wenzhou | /ŋiɛ²²/ | |
| Hui | Shexian |
/ŋʌ̃³²⁴/ /ŋɛ²²/ |
| Tunxi | /ȵiɛ¹¹/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /ŋən¹¹/ |
| Xiangtan | /ŋən²¹/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /ŋɑŋ²¹/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /ŋaŋ⁵³/ |
| Taoyuan | /ŋɑŋ⁵⁵/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /ŋaŋ²²/ |
| Nanning | /ŋaŋ²²/ | |
| Hong Kong | /ŋaŋ²²/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) |
/giŋ²²/ /ŋi²²/ |
| Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /ŋaiŋ²⁴²/ | |
| Jian'ou (Min Bei) | /ŋaiŋ⁴⁴/ | |
| Shantou (Min Nan) | /ŋẽ³⁵/ | |
| Haikou (Min Nan) | /ŋɛ³³/ |
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 硬 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 疑 (31) |
| Final (韻) | 耕 (117) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 五爭切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/ŋˠɛŋH/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/ŋᵚæŋH/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/ŋɐŋH/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/ŋəɨjŋH/ |
| Li Rong |
/ŋɛŋH/ |
| Wang Li |
/ŋæŋH/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/ŋæŋH/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
èng |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 硬 | 硬 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 880 | 881 |
| Phonetic component |
丙 | 丙 |
| Rime group |
陽 | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
鞕 | |
| Old Chinese |
/*ŋɡraːŋs/ | /*ŋɡraːŋs/ |
| Notes | 見傷寒論 | 同鞕，王韻五孟反 |
Definitions
硬
Compounds
Derived terms from 硬
|
|
Japanese
Kanji
硬
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Readings
- Goon: ぎょう (gyō) (non-Jōyō reading)
- Kan’on: ごう (gō) (non-Jōyō reading)
- Kan’yōon: こう (kō)
- Kun: かたい (katai)
Compounds
Korean
Hanja
硬 • (gyeong) (hangeul 경, revised gyeong, McCune-Reischauer kyŏng, Yale kyeng)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Vietnamese
Han character
硬 (ngạnh)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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