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Definition 2025
寒
寒
Translingual
Han character
寒 (radical 40 宀+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 十廿金卜 (JTCY), four-corner 30303)
References
- KangXi: page 289, character 9
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7239
- Dae Jaweon: page 572, character 10
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 941, character 6
- Unihan data for U+5BD2
Chinese
|
simp. and trad. |
寒 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 寒
| ||
|---|---|---|
| Bronze inscriptions | Large seal script | Small seal script |
 |
 |
 |
| Characters in the same phonetic series (寒) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 寒 | *ɡaːn |
| 蹇 | *kranʔ, *kanʔ |
| 謇 | *kranʔ |
| 搴 | *kranʔ, *kʰran |
| 藆 | *kranʔ |
| 騫 | *kʰran |
| 褰 | *kʰran |
| 攐 | *kʰran |
| 鑳 | *ɡranʔ |
| 寋 | *ɡanʔ |
| 鶱 | *qʰan |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄏㄢˊ
- Wade-Giles: han2
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hanr
- IPA (key): /xa̠n³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: hon4
- Yale: hòhn
- Cantonese Pinyin: hon4
- IPA (key): /hɔːn²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hòn
- Hakka Romanization System: honˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: hon2
- IPA: /hon¹¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hân / kôaⁿ
- Tâi-lô: hân / kuânn
- Phofsit Daibuun: haan, kvoaa
- IPA (Xiamen): /han²⁴/, /kuã²⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /han²⁴/, /kuã²⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /han¹³/, /kuã¹³/
- IPA (Taipei): /han²⁴/, /kuã²⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /han²³/, /kuã²³/
- (Hokkien)
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 寒 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) |
| Final (韻) | 寒 (61) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 胡安切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/ɦɑn/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/ɦɑn/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/ɣɑn/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/ɦan/ |
| Li Rong |
/ɣɑn/ |
| Wang Li |
/ɣɑn/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/ɣɑn/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
hán |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 寒 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
hán |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ han › |
| Old Chinese |
/*Cə.[ɡ]ˤa[n]/ |
| English | cold |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 寒 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 4870 |
| Phonetic component |
寒 |
| Rime group |
元 |
| Rime subdivision |
1 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
寒 |
| Old Chinese |
/*ɡaːn/ |
Definitions
寒
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
Synonyms
| Dialectal synonyms of 冷 (“cold”) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 冷 | |
| Mandarin | Beijing | 冷 |
| Taiwan | 冷 | |
| Jinan | 冷 | |
| Xi'an | 冷 | |
| Wuhan | 冷、冷凊 | |
| Chengdu | 冷、凊 | |
| Yangzhou | 冷 | |
| Hefei | 冷 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 凍、冷 |
| Hong Kong | 凍、冷 | |
| Taishan | 冷 | |
| Yangjiang | 凍、冷 | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 冷 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 冷 |
| Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 冷、寒 | |
| Liudui (S. Sixian) | 冷、寒人 | |
| Hsinchu (Hailu) | 冷 | |
| Dongshi (Dabu) | 冷、寒 | |
| Zhuolan (Raoping) | 冷、寒 | |
| Yunlin (Zhao'an) | 冷、寒 | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 冷 |
| Min Bei | Jian'ou | 凊、鎮 |
| Min Dong | Fuzhou | 凊、凍 |
| Min Nan | Quanzhou | 冷、凊、寒 |
| Xiamen | 冷、凊、寒 | |
| Zhangzhou | 冷、凊、寒 | |
| Taipei | 冷、凊、寒 | |
| Chaozhou | 凝、寒 | |
| Shantou | 凝、寒 | |
| Wu | Suzhou | 冷 |
| Wenzhou | 冷、凍 | |
| Xiang | Changsha | 冷、凊 |
| Shuangfeng | 冷、凊 | |
Compounds
Derived terms from 寒
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Japanese
Kanji
寒
- cold
Readings
Korean
Hanja
寒 • (han)
Eumhun:
- Sound (hangeul): 한 (revised: han, McCune-Reischauer: han)
- Name (hangeul): 찰,차가운()
Compounds
Vietnamese
Han character
寒 (hàn)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.