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Definition 2025
山
山
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Translingual
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Han character
山 (radical 46 山+0, 3 strokes, cangjie input 山 (U), four-corner 22770)
- Kangxi radical #46, ⼭ (“mountain”).
References
- KangXi: page 307, character 1
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7869
- Dae Jaweon: page 604, character 23
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 759, character 11
- Unihan data for U+5C71
Chinese
|
simp. and trad. |
山 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 山
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Bamboo and silk script | Large seal script | Small seal script |
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| Characters in the same phonetic series (山) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 山 | *sreːn |
| 疝 | *sreːn, *sraːns |
| 邖 | *sreːn |
| 汕 | *sreːnʔ, *sraːns |
| 訕 | *sraːn, *sraːns |
| 仙 | *sen |
| 秈 | *sen |
| 苮 | *sen |
| 屾 | *srin |
Ideogram (指事) – three mountain peaks. In the Oracle Bone Script, they were represented by triangles rather than vertical strokes. Compare 丘 (qiū), particularly earlier forms.
Etymology
Unknown – no known cognates outside Sino-Bai. Cognate with Central Bai svrt (“mountain”) (< Proto-Bai *sro⁴). Starostin compares it with Kayan sʰôn (“mountain”).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): saan1
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sân
- Min Dong (BUC): săng
- Min Nan (POJ): san / soaⁿ
- Wu (Wiktionary): se (T1)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄕㄢ
- Wade-Giles: shan1
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shan
- IPA (key): /ʂa̠n⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: saan1
- Yale: sāan
- Cantonese Pinyin: saan1
- IPA (key): /sɑːn⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sân
- Hakka Romanization System: san´
- Hagfa Pinyim: san1
- IPA: /san²⁴/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: săng
- IPA (key): /saŋ⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: san / soaⁿ
- Tâi-lô: san / suann
- Phofsit Daibuun: safn, svoaf
- IPA (Xiamen): /san⁴⁴/, /suã⁴⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /san³³/, /suã³³/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /san⁴⁴/, /suã⁴⁴/
- IPA (Taipei): /san⁴⁴/, /suã⁴⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /san⁴⁴/, /suã⁴⁴/
- Note: san - literary; soaⁿ - vernacular.
- (Hokkien)
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: se (T1)
- IPA (key): /sᴇ⁵³/
- (Shanghainese)
- Dialectal data▼
| Variety | Location | 山 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ʂan⁵⁵/ |
| Harbin | /ʂan⁴⁴/ | |
| Tianjin | /san²¹/ | |
| Jinan | /ʂã²¹³/ | |
| Qingdao | /ʂã²¹³/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /ʂan²⁴/ | |
| Xi'an | /sã²¹/ | |
| Xining | /sã⁴⁴/ | |
| Yinchuan | /ʂan⁴⁴/ | |
| Lanzhou | /ʂɛ̃n³¹/ | |
| Ürümqi | /san⁴⁴/ | |
| Wuhan | /san⁵⁵/ | |
| Chengdu | /san⁵⁵/ | |
| Guiyang | /san⁵⁵/ | |
| Kunming | /ʂã̠⁴⁴/ | |
| Nanjing | /ʂaŋ³¹/ | |
| Hefei | /ʂæ̃²¹/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /sæ̃¹¹/ |
| Pingyao | /sɑŋ¹³/ | |
| Hohhot | /sæ̃³¹/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /se⁵³/ |
| Suzhou | /se̞⁵⁵/ | |
| Hangzhou | /sẽ̞³³/ | |
| Wenzhou | /sa³³/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /sɛ³¹/ |
| Tunxi | /sɔ¹¹/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /san³³/ |
| Xiangtan | /san³³/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /san⁴²/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /san⁴⁴/ |
| Taoyuan | /sɑm²⁴/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /san⁵³/ |
| Nanning | /san⁵⁵/ | |
| Hong Kong | /san⁵⁵/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) |
/san⁵⁵/ /suã⁵⁵/ |
| Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /saŋ⁴⁴/ | |
| Jian'ou (Min Bei) | /suiŋ⁵⁴/ | |
| Shantou (Min Nan) | /suã³³/ | |
| Haikou (Min Nan) |
/saŋ²³/ /tua²³/ |
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 山 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 生 (21) |
| Final (韻) | 山 (73) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 所閒切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/ʃˠɛn/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/ʃᵚæn/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/ʃæn/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/ʂəɨn/ |
| Li Rong |
/ʃɛn/ |
| Wang Li |
/ʃæn/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/ʂăn/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
shān |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 山 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
shān |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ srɛn › |
| Old Chinese |
/*s-ŋrar/ |
| English | mountain, hill |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 山 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 11052 |
| Phonetic component |
山 |
| Rime group |
元 |
| Rime subdivision |
2 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
山 |
| Old Chinese |
/*sreːn/ |
Definitions
山
- mountain; hill (Classifier: 座 m c)
- 登山 ― dēngshān ― to climb a mountain
- hill-shaped object
- 冰山 ― bīngshān ― iceberg
- bundled straw in which silkworms spin cocoons
- gable
- A surname. Shan
See also
- 岳 (yuè)
Compounds
Derived terms from 山
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Japanese
Kanji
山
Readings
Compounds
Compounds
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Etymology
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 山 |
|
やま Grade: 1 |
| kun'yomi |
Pronunciation
Noun
References
- ↑ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9
- ↑ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, ISBN 978-4-14-011112-3
Korean
Hanja
山 • (san)
Eumhun:
- Sound (hangeul): 산 (revised: san, McCune-Reischauer: san, Yale: san)
- Name (hangeul): 메 (revised: me, McCune-Reischauer: me, Yale: mey)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
Compounds
- 山獺 (산달, sandal)