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Definition 2024


U+529B, 力
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-529B

[U+529A]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+529C]
See also: , , and

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

(radical 19 力+0, 2 strokes, cangjie input 大尸 (KS), four-corner 40027)

  1. Kangxi radical #19, (power).

Derived characters

  • Index:Chinese radical/力

Descendants

See also

  • (Japanese katakana)

References

  • KangXi: page 146, character 5
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2288
  • Dae Jaweon: page 327, character 31
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 364, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+529B

Chinese

simp. and trad.
alt. forms 𠠲
⿻力丶

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bamboo and silk script Large seal script Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series () (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
*rɯːɡ
*rɯːɡ
*rɯːɡ
*rɯːɡ, *rɯɡ
*rɯːɡ
*rɯːɡ, *rɯɡ
*rɯːɡ
*rɯːɡ, *rɯɡ
*rɯːɡ
*rɯːɡ
*rɯɡ
*rɯɡ
*rɯɡ

Pictogram (象形) – alternative interpretation, either an arm bending out from the side of the body, or a plough.

Pronunciation



  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /li⁵¹/
Harbin /li⁵³/
Tianjin /li⁵³/
Jinan /li²¹/
Qingdao /li⁴²/
Zhengzhou /li²⁴/
Xi'an /li²¹/
Xining /l̩⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /li¹³/
Lanzhou /li¹³/
Ürümqi /li²¹³/
Wuhan /ni²¹³/
Chengdu /ni³¹/
Guiyang /ni²¹/
Kunming /li³¹/
Nanjing /liʔ⁵/
Hefei /liəʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /liəʔ²/
Pingyao /liʌʔ⁵³/
Hohhot /liəʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /liɪʔ¹/
Suzhou /liəʔ³/
Hangzhou /liəʔ²/
Wenzhou /lei²¹³/
Hui Shexian /li²²/
Tunxi /li¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /li²⁴/
Xiangtan /ni²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /liʔ⁵/
Hakka Meixian /lit̚⁵/
Taoyuan /lit̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /lek̚²/
Nanning /lek̚²²/
Hong Kong /lik̚²/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /lik̚⁵/
/lat̚⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /liʔ⁵/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /li⁴²/
Shantou (Min Nan) /lak̚⁵/
Haikou (Min Nan) /lek̚⁵/
/lak̚³/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (37)
Final () (134)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/lɨk̚/
Pan
Wuyun
/lɨk̚/
Shao
Rongfen
/liek̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/lik̚/
Li
Rong
/liək̚/
Wang
Li
/lĭək̚/
Bernard
Karlgren
/li̯ək̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
Middle
Chinese
‹ lik ›
Old
Chinese
/*k.rək/
English strength

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 7854
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*rɯɡ/

Definitions

  1. force, strength, power
       liàng   power
    攻擊 / 攻击   gōngjī   firepower
    個子驚人 [MSC, trad.]
    个子惊人 [MSC, simp.]
    Tā gèzǐ suī xiǎo dàn dà jīngrén. [Pinyin]
    For a small woman she has surprising strength.
  2. strong, strenuous
          hard-working
  3. power, energy
          steam power
  4. ability
       néng   ability
    古董鑑賞 [MSC, trad.]
    古董鉴赏 [MSC, simp.]
    Tā duì gǔdǒng hěn yǒu jiànshǎng . [Pinyin]
    He has an eye for antiques.
  5. (physics) force
    方向位移相同 [MSC, trad.]
    方向位移相同 [MSC, simp.]
    Zhè ge de fāngxiàng yǔ wèiyí xiāngtóng. [Pinyin]
    This force is the same direction as the displacement.
Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. power, force, strength

Readings

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
ちから
Grade: 1
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese. Compound of Old Japanese elements (chi, power, life force, essence) + から (kara, from).

Pronunciation

Noun

(hiragana ちから, romaji chikara)

  1. strength; power; force
  2. (physics) force
  3. ability; capacity
  4. effort
  5. (tarot): Strength
Derived terms

Proper noun

(hiragana ちから, romaji Chikara)

  1. A male given name

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
りき
Grade: 1
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese (lik). The goon reading, so likely the initial borrowing. Compare modern Cantonese reading lik6.

Pronunciation

Affix

(hiragana りき, romaji riki)

  1. power, strength
     (りき) (がく) (りき) ()二馬 (にば) (りき)
    rikigaku, rikishi, nibariki
    power studies” (dynamics), “strength person” (sumo wrestler), two horsepower

Noun

(hiragana りき, romaji riki)

  1. physical strength
  2. (Buddhism) capability, especially mystical power
  3. (Buddhism) the suchness of ability, one of the Ten Suchnesses in Mahayana Buddhism
  4. short for 力者 (rikisha): a strong person
  5. (archaic) short for 車力 (shariki), 力車 (rikisha): a rickshaw
  6. (archaic) a rickshaw operator's wages
Derived terms

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
りょく
Grade: 1
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese , but apparently from a different source dialect or at a different time than (lik). The kan'on reading, so likely a later borrowing. Compare reconstructed Middle Chinese reading /li̯ək/ or Korean reading ryeok.

Only found in compounds and idioms in modern Japanese.

Pronunciation

Affix

(hiragana りょく, romaji ryoku)

  1. strength, power
     (りょく) (そう) (けん) (りょく)
    ryokusō, kenryoku
    “strength struggle” (a hard fight), “right power” (authority)
Derived terms

References

  1. 1 2 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9
  2. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, ISBN 978-4-14-011112-3

Korean

Noun

(yeog, ryeog) (hangeul )

  1. strength, power

Hanja

(ryeok) (hangeul , McCune-Reischauer ryŏk)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Compounds


Vietnamese

Han character

(lực, sức, sực, sựt)

  1. Hán tự form of lực, “physical force