Czech

Suffix

-e

1. Used to form adverbs from adjectives.

   jednoduše‎ ― simply (from jednoduchý)

See also

• -ě
• -ně
• -y

Dutch

Etymology 1

From various suffixes of the Middle Dutch [Term?] adjective inflection.

Suffix

-e

1. Used to create the inflected form of an adjective, which is used after a definite determiner, or before masculine and feminine nouns in general.

Suffix

-e

1. suffix indicating the female form of occupations or inhabitants of countries

Etymology 3

From Middle Dutch -e, from Old Dutch -i, from Proto-Germanic *-į̄.

Suffix

-e f

1. (archaic) Used to form abstract nouns from adjectives; the nouns express the quality of the adjective.

   koud ‎(“cold”) → koude ‎(“the cold”)

Synonyms

• (abstract noun): -te, -heid

Etymology 4

From Middle Dutch -e, the ending of the first and third person singular subjunctive.

Suffix

-e

1. (archaic) Used to form the singular subjunctive of a verb.

Esperanto

Etymology

From the Latin and Italian adverbial suffix -e (as in bene "well"), perhaps reinforced by the Russian adverbial -e found after a palatalized consonant.

Suffix

-e

1. -ly; used to form adverbs.

   bona ‎(“good”) → bone ‎(“well”)

   unu ‎(“one”) → unue ‎(“firstly”)

2. -e is the ending for correlatives of place

Derived terms

Estonian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *-ek and Proto-Finnic *-eh. Cognate to Finnish -e.

Suffix

-e ‎(genitive -e, partitive -et)

1. Derives nouns from verbs.

   katma "to cover" → kate "cover"

   astuma "to step" → aste "a step"

   võtma "to take" → võte "trick", "mode", "way"

   mõtlema "to think" → mõte "thought"

Derived terms

Finnish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈeˣ/

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *-ek and Proto-Finnic *-eh.

Suffix

-e

1. Used for forming nouns from verbs or adjectives.

   ottaa ‎(“to take (hold of)”) → ote ‎(“grip”)

   paha ‎(“bad, evil”) → pahe ‎(“vice”)

   ääntää ‎(“to pronounce, enunciate”) → äänne ‎(“sound (in phonetics)”)

Declension

Derived terms

See also

• -ke
• -ine
• -nne
• -re

French

Suffix

-e f

1. Used to form the feminine of adjectives.

   fort + -e → forte

German

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ə]

Suffix

-e

1. used to form nouns from adjectives, sometimes with umlaut of the root vowel; the nouns express the quality of the adjective

   stark ‎(“strong”) → Stärke ‎(“strength”)

2. used to form the plural of some nouns, sometimes with umlaut of the root vowel

   Laut ‎(“sound”) → Laute ‎(“sounds”)

   Baum ‎(“tree”) → Bäume ‎(“trees”)

3. used to form the dative of masculine and neuter nouns ending in a stressed syllable (dated except in certain fixed phrases)

   das Haus ‎(“house”) → dem Hause / dem Haus

4. used to form the 1st person singular present indicative and subjunctive of a verb

   gehen (geh + en) → ich gehe (geh + e) / ich geh

5. used to form the 3rd person singular present subjunctive of a verb

   gehen → er gehe

6. used to form the 1st and 3rd person singular past subjunctive of a verb

   gehen → ich ginge, er ginge (ging + e)

7. (collquial) contraction of du after 2nd person singular forms of a verb

   haben → haste (hast du)

Hungarian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɛ]

Etymology 1

• From e ‎(“this”).
• From Proto-Finno-Ugric *-ë ‎(interrogative particle).

Alternative forms

• -é (rare)

Suffix

-e

1. whether, if

   Nem tudom, voltál-e már Budapesten.‎ ― I don't know if you've ever been in Budapest.

2. Suffix for tag (yes/no) questions.

   1857, János Arany, A walesi bárdok (The Bards of Wales)

   Van-e ott folyó és földje jó?‎ ― Is there a river and is its land good?

   Legelőin fű kövér‎ ― Are the grasses rich on its meadows?

   Használt-e a megöntözés:‎ ― Was the watering useful (i.e. to the meadows):

   A pártos honfivér?‎ ― The rebel's blood?

Usage notes

Always written with a hyphen. Used in tag (yes/no) questions, but not all such questions use -e: in most cases a question is indicated only by emphasis and question mark. Always attached to the main word (usually the verb) of the predicate of the phrase.

Derived terms

• ugye

Etymology 2

Suffix

-e

1. (possessive suffix) his, her, its (third-person singular, single possession}}

   élet ‎(“life”) → az élete ‎(“his/her/its life”)

Declension

Usage notes

• (possessive suffix) Variants:

  -a is added to back vowel words ending in a consonant

  -e is added to front vowel words ending in a consonant

  -ja is added to back vowel words ending in a consonant or a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-.

  -je is added to front vowel words ending in a consonant or a vowel. Final -e changes to -é-.

See also

• Category:Hungarian noun forms
• Appendix:Hungarian possessive suffixes

Ido

Etymology

From Esperanto -e, from Latin -ē.

Suffix

-e

1. -ly; used to form suffixes

Usage notes

Any adjective can be converted into an adverb by swapping the -a suffix by -e.

Irish

Suffix

-e

1. Alternative form of -ne (used after -nn in pronouns)

Italian

Suffix

-e

1. Used with a stem to form the third-person present of regular -ere verbs and those -ire verbs that don't take "isco"

Japanese

Romanization

-e

1. rōmaji reading of え

Latin

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /eː/

Suffix

-ē ‎(comparative -ius, superlative -issimē)

1. -ly; used to form adverbs from adjectives.

Usage notes

The suffix -e is usually added to a first/second-declension adjective stem to form an adverb of manner.

Examples:

clare ‎(“famously, clearly”), from clarus ‎(“famous, clear”)

pulchre ‎(“beautifully”), from pulcher ‎(“beautiful”)

Synonyms

• (-ly): -iter, -ter, -ō

Etymology 2

A regularly declined form of -us.

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /e/, [ɛ]

Suffix

-e

1. vocative masculine singular of -us

See also

Latvian

Suffix

-e

1. Used to derive feminine nouns from masculine nouns (like English -ess).
2. Used to form (feminine) nouns from verb stems (e.g, iestādīt → iestāde, skatīt → skate).

Synonyms

• -a

Related terms

Femine suffixes that include -e:

• -niece
• -ene

Derived terms

Maquiritari

Suffix

-e

1. Adverbalizing suffix for verbs which results in a participle form; it is always accompanied by the prefix t- and an indicator referring to one of the arguments of the verb (w-, n-, or ∅-)
2. Marker of circumstantial subordination of movement which indicates the reason for the movement described by the main verb

References

• Cáceres, Natalia. Grammaire Fonctionelle-Typologique du Ye'kwana.

Middle Dutch

Etymology

From Old Dutch -i, from Proto-Germanic *-į̄.

Suffix

-e

1. Used to form abstract nouns from adjectives, mostly those expressing physical properties.

Usage notes

This suffix originally triggered umlaut of the root vowel. This is seen in some words (kelde, from cout), but not in others (coude).

Synonyms

• -ede
• -heit

Derived terms

Descendants

• Dutch: -e

Old English

Suffix

-e

1. forming adverbs from adjectives; -ly

Derived terms

Old French

Etymology

Latin -a.

Suffix

-e

1. used to form feminine forms of nouns and adjectives

Descendants

• Middle French: -e
  • French: -e

Old Irish

Suffix

-e f

1. Forms concrete or abstract nouns from existing adjectives ending in -ach.

   cathach ‎(“bellicose”) → cathaige ‎(“warlike spirit”)

Usage notes

This suffix palatalises the preceding consonant.

Inflection

Derived terms

Romanian

Etymology 1

From Latin -ae ‎(“first-declension ending”)

Suffix

-e

1. (plural) -s (feminine/neuter)

Usage notes

• This form of the plural is indefinite, and used for feminine nouns in the nominative/accusative and genitive/dative cases which end in -ă, and some neuter nouns (with may or may not take plural -uri):
• mame, from mamă, fem.
• vise (also visuri), from vis, neut.

Alternative forms

• -le

Etymology 2

From Latin -e ‎(“second-declension vocative ending”)

Suffix

-e

1. Vocative singular (masculine/neuter)

Oh!

Usage notes

• This suffixed used with masculine and neuter definite nouns in -l and -ul:

bărbatule!, from bărbatul, masc.

tatăle!, from tatăl, masc.

visule!, from visul, neut.

• This suffix is absorbed in masculine and neuter definite nouns in -le:

fratele!, from fratele, masc.

numele!, from numele, neut.

Related terms

• -o

Etymology 3

From Latin -ere, the ending of the present active infinitive form of third conjugation verbs. Cognate with Spanish -er, Italian -ere, etc.

Suffix

-e

1. A suffix forming infinitives of many verbs.

Related terms

• -ea
• -î
• -a
• -i

See also

• -re

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology 1

From Proto-Slavic *-ę.

Suffix

-e ‎(Cyrillic spelling -е)

1. Suffix appended to words to create a neuter noun, usually denoting a young animal, plant, place name or is used as a collective noun.

Derived terms

Declension

Etymology 2

Suffix

-e ‎(Cyrillic spelling -е)

1. Suffix appended to the truncated stem (up to the second syllable) of a proper name to create a masculine or feminine hypocoristic.

   Katarína — Káte

   Màrija — Máre

   Jȕrāj — Júre

   Màtija — Máte

Etymology 3

From Proto-Slavic *-e, from Proto-Indo-European *-e, not a desinence per se but a thematic vowel in e-grade.

Suffix

-e ‎(Cyrillic spelling -е)

1. Suffix appended to the nominal stem to create vocative singular. Used for masculine and neuter a-stems.

   vȗk — vȗče (vocative singular)

See also

• -je
• -ce
• -ance
• -ašce
• -ešce

Swedish

Suffix

-e

1. Conjugates verbs into the subjunctive mood (archaic except for the past subjunctive of vara: vore)
2. Marker of definiteness on past participles ending in -ad
3. Marker of plural on past participles ending in -ad
4. Marker of definiteness on superlatives ending in -ast
5. Marker of definiteness on adjectives describing nouns with masculine semantic gender (sex)

Turkish

Suffix

-e

1. to (puts the word into the dative case)

Alternative forms

• -ye
• -a
• -ya

Tzotzil

Clitic

-e

1. Phrase-final clitic used when an article precedes a word.

   ti vinike - the man

References

• Aissen, Judith (1987) Tzotzil Clause Structure, p. 3. Dordrecht: D. Reidel. ISBN 9027723656