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Definition 2024
興
興
See also: 兴
Translingual
Han character
興 (radical 134 臼+9, 15 strokes, cangjie input 竹X月金 (HXBC), four-corner 77801)
Derived characters
References
- KangXi: page 1005, character 5
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30226
- Dae Jaweon: page 1461, character 2
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 253, character 9
- Unihan data for U+8208
Chinese
| trad. | 興 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 兴 | |
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 興
| |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Large seal script | Small seal script |
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| Characters in the same phonetic series (興) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 興 | *qʰɯŋ, *qʰɯŋs |
| 臖 | *qʰɯŋs |
| 嬹 | *qʰɯŋs |
Ideogrammic compound (會意) : 舁 (“to raise”) + 同 (“together”) – to hold up together.
Pronunciation 1
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): hing1
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): hîn
- Min Dong (BUC): hĭng
- Min Nan (POJ): heng / hin
- Wu (Wiktionary): xin (T1)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄥ
- Wade-Giles: hsing1
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shing
- IPA (key): /ɕiŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: hing1
- Yale: hīng
- Cantonese Pinyin: hing1
- IPA (key): /hɪŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hîn
- Hakka Romanization System: hin´
- Hagfa Pinyim: hin1
- IPA: /hin²⁴/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: hĭng
- IPA (key): /hiŋ⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: xin (T1)
- IPA (key): /ɕɪɲ⁵³/
- (Shanghainese)
- Dialectal data▼
| Variety | Location | 興 (興旺) |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ɕiŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Harbin | /ɕiŋ⁴⁴/ | |
| Tianjin | /ɕiŋ²¹/ | |
| Jinan | /ɕiŋ²¹³/ | |
| Qingdao | /ɕiŋ²¹³/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /ɕiŋ²⁴/ | |
| Xi'an | /ɕiŋ²¹/ | |
| Xining | /ɕiə̃⁴⁴/ | |
| Yinchuan | /ɕiŋ⁴⁴/ | |
| Lanzhou | /ɕĩn³¹/ | |
| Ürümqi | /ɕiŋ⁴⁴/ | |
| Wuhan | /ɕin⁵⁵/ | |
| Chengdu | /ɕin⁵⁵/ | |
| Guiyang | /ɕin⁵⁵/ | |
| Kunming | /ɕĩ/ | |
| Nanjing | /ɕin³¹/ | |
| Hefei | /ɕin²¹/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /ɕiəŋ¹¹/ |
| Pingyao | /ɕiŋ¹³/ | |
| Hohhot | /ɕĩŋ³¹/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ɕiŋ⁵³/ |
| Suzhou | /ɕin⁵⁵/ | |
| Hangzhou | /ɕin³³/ | |
| Wenzhou | /ɕaŋ³³/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /ɕiʌ̃³¹/ |
| Tunxi | /ɕin¹¹/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /ɕin³³/ |
| Xiangtan | /ɕin³³/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /ɕin⁴²/ ～國縣 |
| Hakka | Meixian | /hin⁴⁴/ |
| Taoyuan | /hin²⁴/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /heŋ⁵³/ |
| Nanning | /heŋ⁵⁵/ | |
| Hong Kong | /hiŋ⁵⁵/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) |
/hiŋ⁵⁵/ /hin⁵⁵/ |
| Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /hiŋ⁴⁴/ | |
| Jian'ou (Min Bei) | /xeiŋ⁵⁴/ | |
| Shantou (Min Nan) | /heŋ³³/ | |
| Haikou (Min Nan) | /heŋ²³/ |
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 興 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 曉 (32) |
| Final (韻) | 蒸 (133) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 虚陵切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/hɨŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/hɨŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/xieŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/hiŋ/ |
| Li Rong |
/xiəŋ/ |
| Wang Li |
/xĭəŋ/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/xi̯əŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
xīng |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 興 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
xīng |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ xing › |
| Old Chinese |
/*qʰ(r)əŋ/ |
| English | lift, rise |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 興 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| No. | 13858 |
| Phonetic component |
興 |
| Rime group |
蒸 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
興 |
| Old Chinese |
/*qʰɯŋ/ |
Definitions
興
- to rise; to get up
- to thrive; to prosper; to flourish
- prosperous; flourishing; popular
- to start; to build; to establish
- to elect; to promote
- to succeed; to achieve success
- to send; to dispatch; to launch; to mount
- to collect; to recruit
- to do; to perform
- to advocate; to encourage
- to indulge; to spoil
- (dialectal, usually in the negative) to allow; to permit
- maybe; perhaps
- A surname.
Compounds
Derived terms from 興
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Pronunciation 2
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): hing3
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): hin / him
- Min Dong (BUC): héng
- Min Nan (POJ): hèng
- Wu (Wiktionary): xin (T2)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄥˋ
- Wade-Giles: hsing4
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shinq
- IPA (key): /ɕiŋ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: hing3
- Yale: hing
- Cantonese Pinyin: hing3
- IPA (key): /hɪŋ³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hin / him
- Hakka Romanization System: hin / him
- Hagfa Pinyim: hin4 / him4
- IPA: /hin⁵⁵/, /him⁵⁵/
- Note: him - 興味.
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: héng
- IPA (key): /hɛiŋ²¹³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hèng
- Tâi-lô: hìng
- Phofsit Daibuun: hexng
- IPA (Xiamen): /hiɪŋ²¹/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /hiɪŋ⁴¹/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /hiɪŋ²¹/
- IPA (Taipei): /hiɪŋ¹¹/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /hiɪŋ²¹/
- (Hokkien)
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: xin (T2)
- IPA (key): /ɕɪɲ³⁴/
- (Shanghainese)
- Dialectal data▼
| Variety | Location | 興 (高興) |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ɕiŋ⁵¹/ |
| Harbin | /ɕiŋ⁵³/ | |
| Tianjin | /ɕiŋ⁵³/ | |
| Jinan | /ɕiŋ²¹/ | |
| Qingdao | /ɕiŋ⁴²/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /ɕiŋ³¹²/ | |
| Xi'an | /ɕiŋ⁴⁴/ | |
| Xining | /ɕiə̃²¹³/ | |
| Yinchuan | /ɕiŋ¹³/ | |
| Lanzhou | /ɕĩn¹³/ | |
| Ürümqi | /ɕiŋ²¹³/ | |
| Wuhan | /ɕin⁴²/ | |
| Chengdu | /ɕin¹³/ | |
| Guiyang | /ɕin²¹³/ | |
| Kunming | /ɕĩ¹/ | |
| Nanjing | /ɕin⁴⁴/ | |
| Hefei | /ɕin⁵³/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /ɕiəŋ⁴⁵/ |
| Pingyao | /ɕiŋ³⁵/ | |
| Hohhot | /ɕĩŋ⁵⁵/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ɕiŋ³⁵/ |
| Suzhou | /ɕin⁵¹³/ | |
| Hangzhou | /ɕin⁴⁴⁵⁴⁴⁵/ | |
| Wenzhou | /ɕaŋ⁴²/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /ɕiʌ̃³²⁴/ |
| Tunxi | /ɕin⁴²/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /ɕin⁵⁵/ |
| Xiangtan | /ɕin⁵⁵/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /ɕin⁴⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /hin⁵³/ |
| Taoyuan | ||
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /heŋ³³/ |
| Nanning | /heŋ³³/ | |
| Hong Kong | /hiŋ³³/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) | /hiŋ²¹/ |
| Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /hɛiŋ²¹²/ | |
| Jian'ou (Min Bei) | /xeiŋ⁴⁴/ | |
| Shantou (Min Nan) | /heŋ²¹³/ | |
| Haikou (Min Nan) | /heŋ³⁵/ |
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 興 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 曉 (32) |
| Final (韻) | 蒸 (133) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 許應切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/hɨŋH/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/hɨŋH/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/xieŋH/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/hiŋH/ |
| Li Rong |
/xiəŋH/ |
| Wang Li |
/xĭəŋH/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/xi̯əŋH/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
xìng |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 興 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| No. | 13859 |
| Phonetic component |
興 |
| Rime group |
蒸 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
興 |
| Old Chinese |
/*qʰɯŋs/ |
Definitions
興
- excitement; interest; mood in doing something
- sensual desire; sexual desire; passion
- (obsolete or Min) to like; to be fond of; to love
- to liken; to analogise
- (rhetoric) metaphor
- (poetry) association; speaking first of something else to lead up to the main theme
Compounds
Derived terms from 興
Japanese
Kanji
興
Noun
Readings
Korean
Hanja
興 • (heung) (hangeul 흥, revised heung, McCune-Reischauer hŭng, Yale hung)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Vietnamese
Han character
興 (hưng, hăng, hên, hứng)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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