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Definition 2024
炭
炭
See also: 灰
Translingual
Han character
炭 (radical 86 火+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 山大火 (UKF) or 山一火 (UMF), four-corner 22289, composition ⿱山灰)
References
- KangXi: page 668, character 24
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18953
- Dae Jaweon: page 1077, character 24
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 3, page 2195, character 15
- Unihan data for U+70AD
Chinese
|
simp. and trad. |
炭 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph origin
| Characters in the same phonetic series (炭) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 炭 | *tŋ̥ʰaːns |
| 湠 | *tʰaːns |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *tŋ̥ʰaːns) : semantic 火 + phonetic 岸 (OC *ŋɡaːns).
Etymology
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tal (“charcoal; dust; ashes”). Cognate with Tibetan ཐལ་བ (thal ba, “ashes; dust; dirt”).
Derivative: 碳 (tàn, “carbon”).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): taan3
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): than
- Min Dong (BUC): táng
- Min Nan (POJ): thòaⁿ
- Wu (Wiktionary): the (T2)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄊㄢˋ
- Wade-Giles: t'an4
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tann
- IPA (key): /tʰa̠n⁵¹/
-
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: taan3
- Yale: taan
- Cantonese Pinyin: taan3
- IPA (key): /tʰɑːn³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: than
- Hakka Romanization System: tan
- Hagfa Pinyim: tan4
- IPA: /tʰan⁵⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: táng
- IPA (key): /tʰɑŋ²¹³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thòaⁿ
- Tâi-lô: thuànn
- Phofsit Daibuun: tvoax
- IPA (Xiamen): /tʰuã²¹/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰuã⁴¹/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰuã²¹/
- IPA (Taipei): /tʰuã¹¹/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰuã²¹/
- (Hokkien)
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: the (T2)
- IPA (key): /tʰᴇ³⁴/
- (Shanghainese)
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 炭 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 透 (6) |
| Final (韻) | 寒 (61) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 他旦切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/tʰɑnH/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/tʰɑnH/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/tʰɑnH/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/tʰanH/ |
| Li Rong |
/tʰɑnH/ |
| Wang Li |
/tʰɑnH/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/tʰɑnH/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
tàn |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 炭 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
tàn |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ thanH › |
| Old Chinese |
/*[tʰ]ˤa[n]-s/ |
| English | charcoal, coal |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 炭 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 12356 |
| Phonetic component |
炭 |
| Rime group |
元 |
| Rime subdivision |
1 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
炭 |
| Old Chinese |
/*tŋ̥ʰaːns/ |
Definitions
炭
- charcoal
- charcoal fire
- coal
- coal-like substance
- Alternative form of 碳 (tàn, “carbon”).
- (ACG, Internet, slang, from Japanese たん (tan)) -tan
Compounds
Descendants
Others:
- Khmer: ធ្យូង (thyung)
- Proto-Hmong-Mien: *thanᴴ (“charcoal”)
- White Hmong: thee
- Lao: ຖ່ານ (thān)
- Thai: ถ่าน (tàan)
- Vietnamese: than
Japanese
Kanji
炭
Readings
Compounds
Compounds
Noun
Korean
Hanja
炭 • (tan) (hangeul 탄, revised tan, McCune-Reischauer t'an, Yale than)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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