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Definition 2025

助

助

助 U+52A9, 助
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-52A9
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[U+52A8] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 努 →
[U+52AA]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

助 (radical 19 力+5, 7 strokes, cangjie input 月一大尸 (BMKS), four-corner 74127, composition ⿰且力)

References

  • KangXi: page 146, character 27
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2313
  • Dae Jaweon: page 330, character 16
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 368, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+52A9

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 助

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 助
Large seal script Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (且) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
虘 *zaːl, *zaː
蔖 *zlaːl, *sʰaːʔ
摣 *rnaː, *ʔsraː
袓 *ʔsjaː, *zaʔ
怚 *ʔsjaː, *ʔsas, *zaʔ
罝 *ʔsjaː
謯 *ʔslja, *ʔsraːʔ
姐 *ʔsjaːʔ
抯 *ʔsljaːʔ, *ljaːʔ, *ʔsraː
飷 *ʔsjaːʔ
且 *sʰjaːʔ, *ʔsa
趄 *sʰjaːs, *sʰa
笡 *sʰjaːs
查 *ʔsraː, *zraː, *zraː
柤 *ʔsraː
樝 *ʔsraː
皻 *ʔsraː
渣 *ʔsraː
楂 *zraː
苴 *zraː, *ʔsa, *ʔsaʔ, *sʰa
駔 *ʔslaːŋʔ, *zaːʔ
租 *ʔsaː
蒩 *ʔsaː, *ʔsaːʔ, *sʰa
祖 *ʔsaːʔ
組 *ʔsaːʔ
珇 *ʔsaːʔ
靻 *ʔsaːʔ
粗 *sʰaː, *zaːʔ
徂 *zaː
殂 *zaː
麆 *zaːʔ, *zras
伹 *zaːʔ, *sʰa
蛆 *ʔsa, *sʰa
沮 *ʔsa, *ʔsas, *sʰa, *zaʔ, *ʔsra
咀 *ʔsaʔ, *zaʔ
疽 *sʰa
雎 *sʰa
狙 *sʰa, *sʰas
岨 *sʰa
砠 *sʰa
坥 *sʰa, *sʰas
刞 *sʰas
覰 *sʰas
覷 *sʰas
跙 *zaʔ
筯 *das
菹 *ʔsra
葅 *ʔsra
阻 *ʔsraʔ, *ʔsras
俎 *ʔsraʔ
詛 *ʔsraʔ, *ʔsras
鉏 *zra, *zraʔ
豠 *zra
鋤 *zra
耡 *zra, *zras
齟 *zraʔ
助 *zras

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *zras) : phonetic 且 ‎(OC *sʰjaːʔ, *ʔsa) + semantic 力 ‎(“strong arm”) – to help with one’s strength.

Pronunciation

  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 助
Mandarin Beijing /ʈ͡ʂu⁵¹/
Harbin /ʈ͡ʂu⁵³/
Tianjin /t͡su⁵³/
Jinan /ʈ͡ʂu²¹/
Qingdao /ʈ͡ʂu⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ʈ͡ʂu³¹²/
Xi'an /p͡fu⁴⁴/
Xining /ʈ͡ʂv̩²¹³/
Yinchuan /t͡su¹³/
Lanzhou /p͡fu¹³/
Ürümqi /ʈ͡ʂu²¹³/
Wuhan /t͡səu³⁵/
Chengdu /t͡su¹³/
Guiyang /t͡su²¹³/
Kunming /t͡su²¹²/
Nanjing /t͡su⁴⁴/
Hefei /t͡su⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡su⁴⁵/
Pingyao /t͡sz̩ʷ³⁵/
Hohhot /t͡su⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /zu²³/
Suzhou /zəu³¹/
Hangzhou /d͡zu¹³/
Wenzhou /zɤu²²/
Hui Shexian /t͡sʰu²²/
Tunxi /t͡sʰəu¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /t͡sʰəu⁵⁵/
Xiangtan /d͡zəɯ²¹/
Gan Nanchang /t͡sʰu²¹/
Hakka Meixian /t͡sʰz̩⁵³/
Taoyuan /t͡sʰu⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sɔ²²/
Nanning /t͡sɔ²²/
Hong Kong /t͡sɔ²²/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /t͡sɔ²²/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /t͡sou²⁴²/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /t͡su⁴⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /t͡so³⁵/
Haikou (Min Nan) /to³³/ 訓佐
Rime
Character 助
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 崇 (20)
Final (韻) 魚 (22)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 牀據切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /d͡ʒɨʌH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ɖ͡ʐiɔH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /d͡ʒiɔH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ɖ͡ʐɨə̆H/
Li
Rong		 /d͡ʒiɔH/
Wang
Li		 /d͡ʒĭoH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ɖ͡ʐʱi̯woH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 zhù
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 助
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 zhù
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ dzrjoH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[dz]ra-s/
English help (v.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 助
Reading # 1/1
No. 10457
Phonetic
component		 且
Rime
group		 魚
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 助
Old
Chinese		 /*zras/

Definitions

助

  1. to help; to aid; to assist

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

助

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Noun

助 ‎(hiragana すけ, romaji suke)

  1. assistance

Prefix

助 ‎(hiragana じょ, romaji jo-)

  1. help
  2. assistant

Korean

Hanja

助 • ‎(jo) (hangeul 조, revised jo, McCune-Reischauer cho, Yale co)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

助 (trợ, rợ, chợ, chữa, đợ, liên)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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