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Definition 2025
露
露
Translingual
Han character
露 (radical 173 雨+12, 20 strokes, cangjie input 一月口一口 (MBRMR), four-corner 10164, composition ⿱⻗路)
See also
References
- KangXi: page 1378, character 22
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 42463
- Dae Jaweon: page 1887, character 38
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 6, page 4078, character 6
- Unihan data for U+9732
Chinese
|
simp. and trad. |
露 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 露
| |
|---|---|
| Large seal script | Small seal script |
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| Characters in the same phonetic series (各) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 髂 | *kʰraːɡs |
| 路 | *ɡ·raːɡs |
| 輅 | *ɡ·raːɡs |
| 賂 | *ɡ·raːɡs |
| 虂 | *ɡ·raːɡs |
| 露 | *ɡ·raːɡs |
| 潞 | *raːɡs |
| 鷺 | *raːɡs |
| 璐 | *raːɡs |
| 簬 | *raːɡs |
| 簵 | *ɡ·raːɡs |
| 洛 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 駱 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 絡 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 酪 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 烙 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 雒 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 珞 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 硌 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 袼 | *ɡ·raːɡ, *klaːɡ |
| 笿 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 鉻 | *ɡ·raːɡ, *kraːɡ |
| 鮥 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 鵅 | *ɡ·raːɡ, *kraːɡ |
| 挌 | *ɡ·raːɡ, *kraːɡ |
| 落 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 各 | *klaːɡ |
| 胳 | *klaːɡ |
| 閣 | *klaːɡ |
| 格 | *klaːɡ, *kraːɡ |
| 擱 | *klaːɡ |
| 恪 | *kʰlaːɡ |
| 愙 | *kʰaːɡ |
| 貉 | *ɡlaːɡ, *mɡraːɡ |
| 狢 | *ɡlaːɡ |
| 佫 | *ɡlaːɡ |
| 略 | *ɡ·raɡ |
| 茖 | *kraːɡ |
| 骼 | *kraːɡ |
| 觡 | *kraːɡ |
| 蛒 | *kraːɡ |
| 敋 | *kraːɡ |
| 客 | *kʰraːɡ |
| 喀 | *kʰraːɡ |
| 揢 | *kʰraːɡ |
| 額 | *ŋɡraːɡ |
| 峉 | *ŋɡraːɡ |
| 頟 | *ŋɡraːɡ |
| 詻 | *ŋɡraːɡ |
| 垎 | *ɡraːɡ |
| 楁 | *ɡraːɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɡ·raːɡs) : semantic 雨 + phonetic 路 (OC *ɡ·raːɡs).
Pronunciation 1
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): lou6
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): lu
- Min Dong (BUC): ló
- Min Nan (POJ): lō͘
- Wu (Wiktionary): lu (T3)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄌㄨˋ
- Wade-Giles: lu4
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: luh
- IPA (key): /lu⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: lou6
- Yale: louh
- Cantonese Pinyin: lou6
- IPA (key): /lou̯²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lu
- Hakka Romanization System: lu
- Hagfa Pinyim: lu4
- IPA: /lu⁵⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: ló
- IPA (key): /l̃ou²¹³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lō͘
- Tâi-lô: lōo
- Phofsit Daibuun: lo
- IPA (Xiamen): /lɔ²²/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /lɔ⁴¹/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /lɔ²²/
- IPA (Taipei): /lɔ³³/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /lɔ³³/
- (Hokkien)
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: lu (T3)
- IPA (key): /lv̩ʷ²³/
- (Shanghainese)
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 露 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 模 (23) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 洛故切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/luoH/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/luoH/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/loH/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/lɔH/ |
| Li Rong |
/loH/ |
| Wang Li |
/luH/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/luoH/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
lù |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 露 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
lù |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ luH › |
| Old Chinese |
/*p.rˤak-s/ |
| English | dew; disclose |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 露 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 3860 |
| Phonetic component |
各 |
| Rime group |
暮 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
路 |
| Old Chinese |
/*ɡ·raːɡs/ |
Definitions
露
- dew
- fruity beverage; syrup; nectar; juice
- cosmetic products made by distilling flowers, fruit or leaves
- A surname.
Pronunciation 2
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): lou6, lau6
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): lu
- Min Dong (BUC): ló
- Min Nan (POJ): lō͘
- Wu (Wiktionary): lu (T3)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄌㄡˋ
- Wade-Giles: lou4
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: low
- IPA (key): /loʊ̯⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄌㄨˋ
- Wade-Giles: lu4
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: luh
- IPA (key): /lu⁵¹/
- Note: lòu - vernacular; lù - literary.
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: lou6, lau6
- Yale: louh, lauh
- Cantonese Pinyin: lou6, lau6
- IPA (key): /lou̯²²/, /lɐu̯²²/
- Note: lou6 - literary; lau6 - vernacular.
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lu
- Hakka Romanization System: lu
- Hagfa Pinyim: lu4
- IPA: /lu⁵⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: ló
- IPA (key): /l̃ou²¹³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lō͘
- Tâi-lô: lōo
- Phofsit Daibuun: lo
- IPA (Xiamen): /lɔ²²/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /lɔ⁴¹/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /lɔ²²/
- IPA (Taipei): /lɔ³³/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /lɔ³³/
- (Hokkien)
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: lu (T3)
- IPA (key): /lv̩ʷ²³/
- (Shanghainese)
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 露 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 模 (23) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 洛故切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/luoH/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/luoH/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/loH/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/lɔH/ |
| Li Rong |
/loH/ |
| Wang Li |
/luH/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/luoH/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
lù |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 露 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
lù |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ luH › |
| Old Chinese |
/*p.rˤak-s/ |
| English | dew; disclose |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 露 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 3860 |
| Phonetic component |
各 |
| Rime group |
暮 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
路 |
| Old Chinese |
/*ɡ·raːɡs/ |
Definitions
露
Compounds
|
|
|
Japanese
Kanji
Readings
Compounds
Etymology 1
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 露 |
|
あらわ Grade: S |
| kun'yomi |
Pronunciation
- Kun'yomi
- (Tokyo) あらわ [áꜜràwà] (Atamadaka - [1])[1][2]
- (Tokyo) あらわ [àráwá] (Heiban - [0])[1][2]
- IPA(key): [a̠ɾ̠a̠ɰᵝa̠]
Adjectival noun
露 (-na inflection, hiragana あらわ, romaji arawa)
Inflection
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Imperfective (未然形) | 露だろ | あらわだろ | arawa daro |
| Continuative (連用形) | 露で | あらわで | arawa de |
| Terminal (終止形) | 露だ | あらわだ | arawa da |
| Attributive (連体形) | 露な | あらわな | arawa na |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | 露なら | あらわなら | arawa nara |
| Imperative (命令形) | 露であれ | あらわであれ | arawa de are |
| Key constructions | |||
| Informal negative | 露ではない 露じゃない |
あらわではない あらわじゃない |
arawa de wa nai arawa ja nai |
| Informal past | 露だった | あらわだった | arawa datta |
| Informal negative past | 露ではなかった 露じゃなかった |
あらわではなかった あらわじゃなかった |
arawa de wa nakatta arawa ja nakatta |
| Formal | 露です | あらわです | arawa desu |
| Formal negative | 露ではありません 露じゃありません |
あらわではありません あらわじゃありません |
arawa de wa arimasen arawa ja arimasen |
| Formal past | 露でした | あらわでした | arawa deshita |
| Formal negative past | 露ではありませんでした 露じゃありませんでした |
あらわではありませんでした あらわじゃありませんでした |
arawa de wa arimasen deshita arawa ja arimasen deshita |
| Conjunctive | 露で | あらわで | arawa de |
| Conditional | 露なら(ば) | あらわなら(ば) | arawa nara (ba) |
| Provisional | 露だったら | あらわだったら | arawa dattara |
| Volitional | 露だろう | あらわだろう | arawa darō |
| Adverbial | 露に | あらわに | arawa ni |
| Degree | 露さ | あらわさ | arawasa |
Etymology 2
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 露 |
|
つゆ Grade: S |
| kun'yomi |
Pronunciation
- Kun'yomi
- (Tokyo) つゆ [tsúꜜyù] (Atamadaka - [1])[1][2]
- (Tokyo) つゆ [tsùyúꜜ] (Odaka - [2])[1]
- IPA(key): [t͡sɯᵝjɯᵝ]
Noun
露 (hiragana つゆ, romaji tsuyu)
- dew
- 931–938, Wamyō Ruijushō, book 1, page 30:
- 露 [...] 和名都由
- 931–938, Wamyō Ruijushō, book 1, page 30:
Etymology 3
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 露 |
|
ろ Grade: S |
| on'yomi |
Pronunciation
Proper noun
- short form for Russia or Russian in Japanese, Russo- (prefix), short form of 露西亜 (ろしあ, Roshia), modern spelling: ロシア (Roshia), also written in katakana: ロ (Ro).
- 和露辞典
- Wa-Ro jiten
- Russian-Japanese dictionary
- 日露戦争
- Nichi-Ro sensō
- Japanese-Russian war (normally: "Russo-Japanese war")
- 米露関係
- Bei-Ro kankei
- US-Russia relations
- 和露辞典
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9
- 1 2 3 4 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, ISBN 978-4-14-011112-3
- Minamoto, Shitagō; Kyōto Daigaku Bungakubu Kokugogaku Kokubungaku Kenkyūshitu (931–938) Shohon Shūsei Wamyō Ruijushō: Honbunhen (in Japanese), Kyōto: Rinsen, ISBN 978-4-653-00507-0, published 1968.
Korean
Hanja
露 • (ro>no) (hangeul 로>노, McCune-Reischauer ro>no, Yale lo>no)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Vietnamese
Han character
露 (lộ)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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