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Definition 2024


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Translingual

Han character

(radical 102 +6, 11 strokes, cangjie input 田竹水口 (WHER), four-corner 67064, composition)

References

  • KangXi: page 762, character 9
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 21839
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1172, character 8
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2541, character 11
  • Unihan data for U+7565

Chinese

simp. and trad.

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character
Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series () (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
*kʰraːɡs
*ɡ·raːɡs
*ɡ·raːɡs
*ɡ·raːɡs
*ɡ·raːɡs
*ɡ·raːɡs
*raːɡs
*raːɡs
*raːɡs
*raːɡs
*ɡ·raːɡs
*ɡ·raːɡ
*ɡ·raːɡ
*ɡ·raːɡ
*ɡ·raːɡ
*ɡ·raːɡ
*ɡ·raːɡ
*ɡ·raːɡ
*ɡ·raːɡ
*ɡ·raːɡ, *klaːɡ
笿 *ɡ·raːɡ
*ɡ·raːɡ, *kraːɡ
*ɡ·raːɡ
*ɡ·raːɡ, *kraːɡ
*ɡ·raːɡ, *kraːɡ
*ɡ·raːɡ
*klaːɡ
*klaːɡ
*klaːɡ
*klaːɡ, *kraːɡ
*klaːɡ
*kʰlaːɡ
*kʰaːɡ
*ɡlaːɡ, *mɡraːɡ
*ɡlaːɡ
*ɡlaːɡ
*ɡ·raɡ
*kraːɡ
*kraːɡ
*kraːɡ
*kraːɡ
*kraːɡ
*kʰraːɡ
*kʰraːɡ
*kʰraːɡ
*ŋɡraːɡ
*ŋɡraːɡ
*ŋɡraːɡ
*ŋɡraːɡ
*ɡraːɡ
*ɡraːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɡ·raɡ) : semantic  (field) + phonetic  (OC *klaːɡ) – to walk around a field (to outline it).

Pronunciation



  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /lyɛ⁵¹/
Harbin /liau⁵³/
/lyɛ⁵³/
Tianjin /lye⁵³/
Jinan /luə²¹/
Qingdao /lyə⁴²/
Zhengzhou /lyo²⁴/
Xi'an /luo⁵³/
Xining /lyu⁵³/
Yinchuan /lye¹³/
Lanzhou /lyə¹³/
Ürümqi /lyɤ²¹³/
Wuhan /nio²¹³/
Chengdu /nyo³¹/
Guiyang /nio²¹/
Kunming /lio³¹/
Nanjing /loʔ⁵/
Hefei /lyɐʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /lyəʔ²/
Pingyao /liʌʔ¹³/
Hohhot /liaʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /liaʔ¹/
Suzhou /liɑʔ³/
Hangzhou /liɑʔ²/
Wenzhou /liɛ²¹³/
Hui Shexian /liɔ²²/
Tunxi
Xiang Changsha /lio²⁴/
Xiangtan /nio²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /liɔʔ⁵/
Hakka Meixian /liok̚⁵/
Taoyuan /liok̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /lœk̚²/
Nanning /lœk̚²²/
Hong Kong /lœk̚²/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /liɔk̚⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /luoʔ⁵/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /liɔ²⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /liak̚⁵/
/lioʔ⁵/
Haikou (Min Nan) /liɔk̚³/
/lio³³/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (37)
Final () (107)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/lɨɐk̚/
Pan
Wuyun
/liɐk̚/
Shao
Rongfen
/liɑk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/lɨak̚/
Li
Rong
/liak̚/
Wang
Li
/lĭak̚/
Bernard
Karlgren
/li̯ak̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
lüè
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
lüè
Middle
Chinese
‹ ljak ›
Old
Chinese
/*[r]ak/
English draw a boundary; outline

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 3892
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*ɡ·raɡ/

Definitions

  1. plan; strategy; summary; outline
  2. brief; abbreviated
  3. to omit; to leave out
  4. slightly; marginally
  5. approximately; roughly
  6. to plunder; to pillage

Compounds


Japanese

Kanji

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

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Readings

Compounds

Noun

(hiragana りゃく, romaji ryaku)

  1. abbreviation

Alternative forms


Korean

Hanja

(ryak>yak) (hangeul 략>, revised ryak>yak, McCune-Reischauer ryak>yak, Yale lyak>yak)

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Vietnamese

Han character

(lược, trước)

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