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Definition 2024
逆
逆
Translingual
Han character
逆 (radical 162 辵+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 卜廿山 (YTU), four-corner 38304, composition ⿺辶屰)
References
- KangXi: page 1256, character 30
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38849
- Dae Jaweon: page 1741, character 12
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 6, page 3833, character 2
- Unihan data for U+9006
Chinese
|
simp. and trad. |
逆 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph origin
| Characters in the same phonetic series (屰) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 斥 | *ŋ̥ʰjaːɡs, *ŋ̥ʰjaːɡ |
| 訴 | *sŋaːɡs |
| 泝 | *sŋaːɡs |
| 愬 | *sŋaːɡs, *sŋreːɡ |
| 遡 | *sŋaːɡs |
| 塑 | *sŋaːɡs |
| 溯 | *sŋaːɡs |
| 遻 | *ŋaːɡs |
| 柝 | *tŋ̥ʰaːɡ |
| 鶚 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 諤 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 齶 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 鍔 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 遌 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 崿 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 偔 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 堮 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 湂 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 鱷 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 噩 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 咢 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 鑩 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 鄂 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 鰐 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 萼 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 愕 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 顎 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 朔 | *sŋraːɡ |
| 槊 | *sraːwɢ |
| 蒴 | *sraːwɢ |
| 坼 | *tŋ̥ʰraːɡ |
| 拆 | *tŋ̥ʰraːɡ |
| 逆 | *ŋraɡ |
| 屰 | *ŋraɡ |
| 縌 | *ŋraɡ |
| 蝷 | *reːɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ŋraɡ) : semantic 辶 (“movement”) + phonetic 屰 (OC *ŋraɡ) – going in the opposite direction, contrary, disobedient.
Etymology
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ŋra-k/ŋ (“to meet; to encounter”). Cognate with 迎 (OC *ŋaŋ, *ŋraŋs, “to receive, to welcome; to face, to go against”) and 額 (OC *ŋɡraːɡ, “forehead”).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): jik6, ngaak6
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ngia̍k
- Min Nan (POJ): ge̍k / ke̍h
- Wu (Wiktionary): nyiq (T5)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄋㄧˋ
- Wade-Giles: nih4
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nih
- IPA (key): /ni⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: jik6, ngaak6
- Yale: yihk, ngaahk
- Cantonese Pinyin: jik9, ngaak9
- IPA (key): /jɪk̚²/, /ŋɑːk̚²/
- Note: jik6 - literary; ngaak6 - vernacular.
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngia̍k
- Hakka Romanization System: ngiag
- Hagfa Pinyim: ngiag6
- IPA: /ɲi̯ak̚⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ge̍k / ke̍h
- Tâi-lô: gi̍k / ke̍h
- Phofsit Daibuun: gek, keh
- IPA (Xiamen): /giɪk̚⁴/, /keʔ⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /giɪk̚²⁴/, /keʔ²⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /giɪk̚¹²¹/, /keʔ¹²¹/
- IPA (Taipei): /giɪk̚⁴/, /keʔ⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /giɪk̚⁴/, /keʔ⁴/
- (Hokkien)
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: nyiq (T5)
- IPA (key): /ȵi̯ɪʔ¹²/
- (Shanghainese)
- Dialectal data▼
| Variety | Location | 逆 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ni⁵¹/ |
| Harbin | /ni⁵³/ | |
| Tianjin | /ni⁵³/ | |
| Jinan |
/ȵi⁴²/ 新 /i⁴²/ |
|
| Qingdao | /ni⁴²/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /i⁴²/ | |
| Xi'an | /ni²¹/ | |
| Xining | /mji²¹³/ | |
| Yinchuan | /ni¹³/ | |
| Lanzhou | /ȵi¹³/ | |
| Ürümqi | /ȵi²¹³/ | |
| Wuhan | /ni²¹³/ | |
| Chengdu | /ȵie³¹/ | |
| Guiyang | /ni²¹/ | |
| Kunming | /ni³¹/ | |
| Nanjing | /liʔ⁵/ | |
| Hefei | /liəʔ⁵/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /niəʔ⁵⁴/ |
| Pingyao | /niʌʔ⁵³/ | |
| Hohhot | /niəʔ⁴³/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ȵiɪʔ¹/ |
| Suzhou | /ȵiəʔ³/ | |
| Hangzhou | /ȵiəʔ²/ | |
| Wenzhou | /ȵai²¹³/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /ni²²/ |
| Tunxi | ||
| Xiang | Changsha | /ȵi²⁴/ |
| Xiangtan | /ȵi²⁴/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | |
| Hakka | Meixian | /ŋiak̚⁵/ |
| Taoyuan | /ŋiɑk̚⁵⁵/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /jek̚²/ |
| Nanning |
/nek̚²²/ /ŋek̚²²/ |
|
| Hong Kong | /jik̚²/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) | /gik̚⁵/ |
| Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /ŋiʔ⁵/ | |
| Jian'ou (Min Bei) | /ŋɛ⁴²/ | |
| Shantou (Min Nan) | /ŋek̚⁵/ | |
| Haikou (Min Nan) | /ŋek̚³/ |
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 逆 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 疑 (31) |
| Final (韻) | 陌 (115) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 宜戟切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/ŋˠiæk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/ŋᵚiak̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/ŋiak̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/ŋiajk̚/ |
| Li Rong |
/ŋiɐk̚/ |
| Wang Li |
/ŋĭɐk̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/ŋiɐk̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
yì |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 逆 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
nì |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ ngjæk › |
| Old Chinese |
/*ŋrak/ |
| English | go against |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 逆 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 9474 |
| Phonetic component |
屰 |
| Rime group |
鐸 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
逆 |
| Old Chinese |
/*ŋraɡ/ |
Definitions
逆
- † to greet; to meet; to welcome
- † to accept
- to go against; to disobey
- 逆流 ― nìliú ― to go against the current
- to oppose; to resist
- opposite
- 逆行 ― nìxíng ― to go against the traffic
- †in advance
- †adverse; unfavourable
- 逆境 ― nìjìng ― adverse situations
- †rebel; traitor
Compounds
Derived terms from 逆
Japanese
Kanji
逆
Readings
- Goon: ぎゃく (gyaku)
- Kan’on: げき (geki)
- Kun: さかう (逆う, sakau) (classical), さかさ (逆さ, sakasa), さかさま (逆さま, sakasama), さかしま (逆しま, sakashima), さかる (逆る, sakaru) (classical), さからう (逆らう, sakarau), むかたむ (逆む, mukatamu) (classical)
Compounds
Compounds
Korean
Hanja
逆 • (yeok) (hangeul 역, revised yeok, McCune-Reischauer yŏk, Yale yek)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Vietnamese
Han character
逆 (nghịch, nghếch, nghệch, nghạch, ngược)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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