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Definition 2024

國

國

國 U+570B, 國
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-570B
← 圊
[U+570A] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 圌 →
[U+570C]

Translingual

Stroke order
Taiwanese
stroke order

Alternative forms

  • 囗 (This character is used unofficially as a shorthand for 國 and 圍.)
  • 𡆸 (Also a variant of 日.)
  • 𡆻, 𡇎, 𡇏, 𡇕, 𡈑, 𢦾, 𢧌, 𤦒, 𤦂

Han character

國 (radical 31 囗+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 田戈口一 (WIRM), four-corner 60153, composition ⿴囗或)

References

  • KangXi: page 219, character 16
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 4798
  • Dae Jaweon: page 447, character 9
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 720, character 9
  • Unihan data for U+570B

Chinese

trad. 國
simp. 国
alt. forms
 
囯
圀
囶
𡆿
囻
𡇅
䆐

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 國
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bamboo and silk script Large seal script Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (或) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
幗 *kʷɯːɡs, *kʷrɯːɡ
慖 *kʷɯːɡs, *kʷrɯːɡ
簂 *kʷɯːɡs
蔮 *kʷɯːɡs
國 *kʷɯːɡ
或 *ɡʷɯːɡ
惑 *ɡʷɯːɡ
蜮 *ɡʷɯːɡ, *ɢʷrɯɡ
閾 *qʰʷrɯɡ
緎 *qʰʷrɯɡ, *ɡʷrɯɡ
淢 *qʰʷrɯɡ, *ɡʷrɯɡ
域 *ɢʷrɯɡ
罭 *ɢʷrɯɡ
棫 *ɡʷrɯɡ
琙 *ɡʷrɯɡ
魊 *ɡʷrɯɡ
馘 *kʷrɯːɡ
聝 *kʷrɯːɡ
膕 *kʷrɯːɡ
摑 *kʷrɯːɡ
漍 *kʷrɯːɡ
嘓 *kʷrɯːɡ
蟈 *kʷrɯːɡ
掝 *qʰʷrɯːɡ
彧 *qʷrɯɡ
稶 *qʷɯɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kʷɯːɡ) : semantic 囗 ‎(“closure”) + phonetic 或 ‎(OC *ɡʷɯːɡ).

Pronunciation

  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 國
Mandarin Beijing /kuo³⁵/
Harbin /kuo²¹³/
Tianjin /kuo⁴⁵/
Jinan /kuə⁵⁵/
Qingdao /kuə⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /kuo²⁴/
/kuɛ²⁴/
Xi'an /kuei²¹/
Xining /kuɨ⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /kuə¹³/
Lanzhou /kuə¹³/
Ürümqi /kuɤ²¹³/
Wuhan /kuɤ²¹³/
Chengdu /kue³¹/
Guiyang /kuɛ²¹/
Kunming /ko³¹/
Nanjing /kueʔ⁵/
Hefei /kuɐʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /kuəʔ²/
Pingyao /kuʌʔ¹³/
Hohhot /kuaʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /koʔ⁵/
Suzhou /kuəʔ⁵/
Hangzhou /koʔ⁵/
Wenzhou /kai²¹³/
Hui Shexian /kuʔ²¹/
Tunxi /kuə⁵/
Xiang Changsha /kuə²⁴/
Xiangtan /ko²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /kuɛʔ⁵/
Hakka Meixian /kuet̚¹/
Taoyuan /kuet̚²²/
Cantonese Guangzhou /kwɔk̚³/
Nanning /kɔk̚³³/
Hong Kong /kwɔk̚³/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /kɔk̚³²/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /kuɔʔ²³/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /ko²⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /kok̚²/
Haikou (Min Nan) /kok̚⁵/
Rime
Character 國
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 德 (132)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) I
Fanqie 古或切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /kwək̚/
Pan
Wuyun		 /kʷək̚/
Shao
Rongfen		 /kuək̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /kwək̚/
Li
Rong		 /kuək̚/
Wang
Li		 /kuək̚/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /kwək̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 guo
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 國
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 guó
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ kwok ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[C.q]ʷˤək/
English state (n.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 國
Reading # 1/1
No. 5547
Phonetic
component		 或
Rime
group		 職
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 國
Old
Chinese		 /*kʷɯːɡ/

Definitions

國

  1. country, nation, nation-state   (Classifier: 個／个)
    國家 / 国家  ―  guójiā  ―  country
  2. A surname​.
  3. Short for 國語／国语 (guóyǔ, “Mandarin”).

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

國

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 国)

  1. country

Readings

Noun

國 ‎(kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai kanji 国, hiragana くに, romaji kuni)

  1. a land, a country

Korean

A variant of "國" commonly found in old books of pre-modern Korea.

Hanja

國 • ‎(guk)
Eumhun:

  • Sound (hangeul): 국 (McCune-Reischauer: ****, Yale: kwuk)
  • Name (hangeul): 나라 (revised: nara, McCune-Reischauer: nara, Yale: nala)
  1. country, state, nation, land

Compounds

Vietnamese

Han character

國 (quốc, cuốc, trung)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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