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Definition 2024


See also:

Translingual

Shinjitai /機
Simplified
Traditional /機

Han character

(radical 75 +12, 16 strokes, cangjie input 木女戈戈 (DVII), four-corner 42953, composition)

Descendants

References

  • KangXi: page 554, character 8
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 15561
  • Dae Jaweon: page 942, character 20
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1298, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+6A5F

Chinese

trad.
simp.

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series () (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
*kɯl
*kɯl
*kɯl
*kɯl
*kɯl
*kɯl
*kɯl, *kɯls
*kɯl, *kɯlʔ, *ɡɯl, *ɡɯls
*kɯl
*kɯl
*kɯl
*kɯlʔ, *ɡɯl
*kɯlʔ
*ɡɯl

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kɯl) : semantic  + phonetic  (OC *kɯl, *kɯlʔ, *ɡɯl, *ɡɯls).

Pronunciation



Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (28)
Final () (20)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/kɨi/
Pan
Wuyun
/kɨi/
Shao
Rongfen
/kiəi/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/kɨj/
Li
Rong
/kiəi/
Wang
Li
/kĭəi/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ke̯i/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
Middle
Chinese
‹ kjɨj ›
Old
Chinese
/*kəj/
English mechanism

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 5788
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*kɯl/

Definitions

  1. weaving machine; spinning machine
  2. machine; apparatus; device
  3. Short for 飛機 (“aircraft”).
  4. mechanism; process
  5. cause; reason
  6. secret; confidential (affair)
  7. opportunity; chance; crucial point
  8. plan; idea
  9. flexible; quick-witted

Compounds


Japanese

Kanji

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Compounds

Usage notes

Often used interchangeably in compounds with (ki) to indicate “machine”, with the distinction that implies a larger machine, such as an airplane, while implies a smaller device, possibly hand-held. Compare 飛行機 (hikōki, airplane) with 食器 (shokki, tableware).

Alternative forms

機 has many ryakuji (handwritten abbreviations), as it is a common character with many strokes (16):

  • A phono-semantic simplification from on'yomi of “ki” (katakana キ): 木 + キ (semantic plus simplified phonetic) – compare for and for /.
  • Graphical simplification.
  • Graphical simplification.
  • Graphical simplification.

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term

Grade: 4
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese (kjɨj, mechanism). Compare modern Min Nan reading ki.

Pronunciation

Noun

(hiragana , romaji ki)

  1. a machine, a device; a contraption
  2. a loom
  3. an opportunity, a chance to do something; the right time or moment
  4. something of great importance: the linchpin of the matter
  5. resourcefulness
  6. (Buddhism) the moment of being moved into action by the teachings of the Buddha: see 機根 (kikon)
  7. by extension, the workings of the heart or mind in general
  8. in Noh theater, the breath of the mind
  9. short for 飛行機 (hikōki): an airplane, an aircraft
  10. short for 機関銃 (kikanjū): a machine gun
Idioms

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
こぶち
Grade: 4
kun'yomi

Alteration from こうべうち (kōbeuchi),[3] itself a compound of (kōbe, head) + 打ち (uchi, striking, hitting).[3][1]

Pronunciation

Alternative forms

  • 首打

Noun

(hiragana こぶち, romaji kobuchi)

  1. a trap or snare that works by beheading the bird or beast caught in it

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
はた
Grade: 4
kun'yomi

From onomatopoeic はた (hata), possibly for the sound of the shuttle running back and forth, or for the sound of a woven cloth moving in the wind, compare (hata, a flag).

Pronunciation

Noun

(hiragana はた, romaji hata)

  1. a loom
  2. woven cloth

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
わかつり
Grade: 4
kun'yomi

The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, continuative or stem form) of verb 機る (wakatsuru, to manipulate something),[3] itself an alteration of 誘る (okotsuru, to manipulate or con someone),[3] a compound of (oko, a fool) + 釣る (tsuru, to fish, to draw out).[3]

Pronunciation

Noun

(hiragana わかつり, romaji wakatsuri)

  1. to manipulate (as in a device)
  2. to manipulate (as in a person): to deceive, to take in someone
  3. to get on someone's right side; to humor someone; to make an effort to please someone

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9
  2. 1 2 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, ISBN 978-4-14-011112-3
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 1988, 国語大辞典(新装版) (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan

Korean

Hanja

(gi) (hangeul , McCune-Reischauer ki, Yale ki)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

(, ki)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.