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Definition 2025
斬
斬
Translingual
Han character
斬 (radical 69 斤+7, 11 strokes, cangjie input 十十竹一中 (JJHML), four-corner 52021, composition ⿰車斤)
References
- KangXi: page 479, character 18
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13555
- Dae Jaweon: page 838, character 16
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 3, page 2024, character 10
- Unihan data for U+65AC
Chinese
| trad. | 斬 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 斩 | |
Glyph origin
| Characters in the same phonetic series (斬) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 慚 | *zaːm |
| 慙 | *zaːm |
| 鏨 | *zaːm, *zaːmʔ, *zaːms, *zeːm, *zamʔ |
| 槧 | *zaːmʔ, *sʰam, *sʰams, *zamʔ |
| 暫 | *zaːms |
| 蹔 | *zaːms |
| 斬 | *ʔsreːmʔ |
| 獑 | *zeːm, *zaːm |
| 嶃 | *zreːmʔ, *zaːm |
| 覱 | *ʔsraːms |
| 摲 | *sʰraːms |
| 漸 | *ʔsam, *zamʔ |
| 塹 | *sʰams |
| 壍 | *sʰams |
| 嬱 | *sʰams |
| 螹 | *zam, *zamʔ |
| 蔪 | *zamʔ |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): zaam2
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chám
- Min Nan (POJ): chám / cháⁿ / chàm / chām
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄓㄢˇ
- Wade-Giles: chan3
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jaan
- IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂa̠n²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: zaam2
- Yale: jáam
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzaam2
- IPA (key): /t͡sɑːm³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chám
- Hakka Romanization System: zam`
- Hagfa Pinyim: zam3
- IPA: /t͡sam³¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, mainstream Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chám
- Tâi-lô: tsám
- Phofsit Daibuun: zarm
- IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sam⁵⁵⁴/
- IPA (Taipei): /t͡sam⁵³/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sam⁴¹/
- IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sam⁵³/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sam⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cháⁿ
- Tâi-lô: tsánn
- Phofsit Daibuun: zvar
- IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sã⁵⁵⁴/
- IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sã⁵³/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sã⁵³/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chàm
- Tâi-lô: tsàm
- Phofsit Daibuun: zaxm
- IPA (Taipei): /t͡sam¹¹/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sam²¹/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chām
- Tâi-lô: tsām
- Phofsit Daibuun: zam
- IPA (Taipei): /t͡sam³³/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sam³³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, mainstream Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- Dialectal data▼
| Variety | Location | 斬 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ʈ͡ʂan²¹⁴/ |
| Harbin | /ʈ͡ʂan²¹³/ | |
| Tianjin | /t͡san¹³/ | |
| Jinan | /ʈ͡ʂã⁵⁵/ | |
| Qingdao | /t͡sã⁵⁵/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /ʈ͡ʂan⁵³/ | |
| Xi'an | /t͡sã⁵³/ | |
| Xining | /t͡sã⁵³/ | |
| Yinchuan | /ʈ͡ʂan⁵³/ | |
| Lanzhou | /ʈ͡ʂɛ̃n⁴⁴²/ | |
| Ürümqi | /t͡san⁵¹/ | |
| Wuhan | /t͡san⁴²/ | |
| Chengdu | /t͡san⁵³/ | |
| Guiyang | /t͡san⁴²/ | |
| Kunming | /ʈ͡ʂã̠⁵³³¹/ | |
| Nanjing | /ʈ͡ʂaŋ²¹²/ | |
| Hefei | /ʈ͡ʂæ̃²⁴/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡sæ̃⁵³/ |
| Pingyao |
/t͡sɑŋ⁵³/ /t͡sɑ⁵³/ |
|
| Hohhot | /t͡sæ̃⁵³/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /t͡se³⁵/ |
| Suzhou | /t͡se̞⁵¹/ | |
| Hangzhou | /t͡sẽ̞⁵³/ | |
| Wenzhou | /t͡sa³⁵/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /t͡sɛ³⁵/ |
| Tunxi | /t͡sɔ³¹/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /t͡san⁴¹/ |
| Xiangtan | /t͡san⁴²/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /t͡san²¹³/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /t͡sam³¹/ |
| Taoyuan | /t͡sɑm³¹/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /t͡sam³⁵/ |
| Nanning |
/t͡sɛm³⁵/ /t͡sam³⁵/ |
|
| Hong Kong | /t͡sam³⁵/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) | /t͡sam⁵³/ |
| Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /t͡saŋ³²/ | |
| Jian'ou (Min Bei) | /t͡saŋ²¹/ | |
| Shantou (Min Nan) | /t͡sʰam⁵³/ | |
| Haikou (Min Nan) | /tam²¹³/ |
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 斬 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 莊 (18) |
| Final (韻) | 咸 (151) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 側減切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/t͡ʃˠɛmX/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/ʈ͡ʂᵚæmX/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/t͡ʃɐmX/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/ʈ͡ʂəɨmX/ |
| Li Rong |
/t͡ʃɐmX/ |
| Wang Li |
/t͡ʃɐmX/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/ʈ͡ʂămX/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
zhǎn |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 斬 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
zhǎn |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ tsrɛmX › |
| Old Chinese |
/*[ts]ramʔ/ |
| English | cut off |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 斬 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 16796 |
| Phonetic component |
斬 |
| Rime group |
談 |
| Rime subdivision |
2 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
斬 |
| Old Chinese |
/*ʔsreːmʔ/ |
Definitions
斬
Definitions
Japanese
Kanji
斬
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Readings
Korean
Hanja
斬 • (cham) (hangeul 참, revised cham, McCune-Reischauer ch'am, Yale cham)
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Vietnamese
Han character
斬 (trảm, chém)
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