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Definition 2025

塹

塹

See also: 堑

Translingual

Han character

塹 (radical 32 土+11, 14 strokes, cangjie input 十中土 (JLG), four-corner 52104, composition ⿱斬土)

  1. moat, trench, pit, cavity

References

  • KangXi: page 237, character 3
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5394
  • Dae Jaweon: page 475, character 9
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 478, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+5879

Chinese

trad. 塹
simp. 堑

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (斬) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
慚 *zaːm
慙 *zaːm
鏨 *zaːm, *zaːmʔ, *zaːms, *zeːm, *zamʔ
槧 *zaːmʔ, *sʰam, *sʰams, *zamʔ
暫 *zaːms
蹔 *zaːms
斬 *ʔsreːmʔ
獑 *zeːm, *zaːm
嶃 *zreːmʔ, *zaːm
覱 *ʔsraːms
摲 *sʰraːms
漸 *ʔsam, *zamʔ
塹 *sʰams
壍 *sʰams
嬱 *sʰams
螹 *zam, *zamʔ
蔪 *zamʔ

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 塹
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 清 (14)
Final (韻) 鹽 (153)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 七豔切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /t͡sʰiᴇmH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /t͡sʰiɛmH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /t͡sʰjæmH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /t͡sʰiamH/
Li
Rong		 /t͡sʰiɛmH/
Wang
Li		 /t͡sʰĭɛmH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /t͡sʰi̯ɛmH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 qiàn
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 塹
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 qiàn
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ tshjemH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[tsʰ]am-s/
English moat; dig out

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 塹
Reading # 1/1
No. 16806
Phonetic
component		 斬
Rime
group		 談
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 壍
Old
Chinese		 /*sʰams/
Notes 同壍出説文

Definitions

塹

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Compounds

  • 地塹／地堑
  • 坑塹／坑堑
  • 塹坑／堑坑
  • 塹壕／堑壕 (qiànháo)
  • 壕塹／壕堑
  • 壘塹／垒堑
  • 天塹／天堑 (tiānqiàn)
  • 欲塹／欲堑
  • 溝塹／沟堑
  • 長江天塹／长江天堑
  • 高城深塹／高城深堑
  • 高壁深塹／高壁深堑
  • 高壘深塹／高垒深堑

Japanese

Kanji

塹

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

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Readings

Korean

Hanja

塹 • ‎(cham) (hangeul 참, revised cham, McCune-Reischauer ch'am)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

塹 (khiếm)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

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