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Definition 2024

忝

忝

Translingual

Han character

忝 (radical 61 心+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 竹大心 (HKP) or 一大心 (MKP), four-corner 2033₃, composition ⿱天㣺 or ⿱夭㣺)

Derived characters

添

References

KangXi: page 377, character 8

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10348

Dae Jaweon: page 704, character 1

Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2279, character 5

Unihan data for U+5FDD

Chinese

simp. and trad.		忝

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Mandarin

(Pinyin): tiǎn (tian³)

(Zhuyin): ㄊㄧㄢˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): tim², tim⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
  - Pinyin: tiǎn
  - Zhuyin: ㄊㄧㄢˇ
  - Wade-Giles: t'ien³
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tean
  - IPA ^(key): /tʰi̯ɛn²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: tim², tim⁵
  - Yale: tím, tíhm
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tim², tim⁵
  - IPA ^(key): /tʰiːm³⁵/, /tʰiːm¹³/

Middle Chinese: /tʰem^X/, /tʰem^H/▼

Rime
Character	忝	忝
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	透 (6)	透 (6)
Final (韻)	添 (157)	添 (157)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	IV	IV
Fanqie	他玷切	他念切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tʰem^X/	/tʰem^H/
Pan Wuyun	/tʰem^X/	/tʰem^H/
Shao Rongfen	/tʰɛm^X/	/tʰɛm^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/tʰɛm^X/	/tʰɛm^H/
Li Rong	/tʰem^X/	/tʰem^H/
Wang Li	/tʰiem^X/	/tʰiem^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/tʰiem^X/	/tʰiem^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	tiǎn	tiàn

Old Chinese▼

(Baxter-Sagart): /*l̥ˤ[i]mʔ/, /*l̥ˤ[i]mʔ-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*l̥ʰiːmʔ/, /*l̥ʰiːms/

Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	忝	忝
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	tiǎn	tiǎn
Middle Chinese	‹ them^X ›	‹ them^H ›
Old Chinese	/*l̥ˤ[i]mʔ/	/*l̥ˤ[i]mʔ-s/
English	disgrace (v.)	disgrace
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	忝	忝
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	12382	12385
Phonetic component	天	天
Rime group	侵	侵
Rime subdivision	2	2
Corresponding MC rime	忝	㮇
Old Chinese	/*l̥ʰiːmʔ/	/*l̥ʰiːms/

Verb

忝

(literary) to shame

Adverb

忝

(literary, self-deprecating) ashamedly; with disgrace

Etymology 2

Alternative forms

悿

Pronunciation

Min Nan (POJ): thiám

Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thiám
  - Tâi-lô: thiám
  - Phofsit Daibuun: tiarm
  - IPA (Xiamen): /tʰiam⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰiam⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰiam⁵³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /tʰiam⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰiam⁴¹/

Adjective

tired
serious; intense

Compounds

忝頭／忝头 (thiám-thâu)

References

“Entry #3894”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.

Japanese

Kanji

忝

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

On: てん (ten)

Kun: かたじけな (katajikena)

Korean

Hanja

忝 • ‎(cheom) (hangeul 첨, revised cheom, McCune-Reischauer ch'ŏm, Yale chem)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

忝 (thỏm, thiểm)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

Nom Foundation