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Definition 2025
奸
奸
See also: 姦
Translingual
Han character
奸 (radical 38 女+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 女一十 (VMJ), four-corner 41440, composition ⿰女干)
References
- KangXi: page 255, character 4
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6045
- Dae Jaweon: page 518, character 4
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1025, character 1
- Unihan data for U+5978
Chinese
| trad. | 奸/姦 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 奸 | |
| 姦: “evil; to commit adultery; to rape” | ||
Glyph origin
| Characters in the same phonetic series (干) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 訐 | *krads, *krads, *ked, *kad |
| 肝 | *kaːn |
| 竿 | *kaːn |
| 干 | *kaːn |
| 奸 | *kaːn |
| 玕 | *kaːn |
| 汗 | *kaːn, *ɡaːn, *ɡaːns |
| 迀 | *kaːn |
| 忓 | *kaːn, *ɡaːns |
| 鳱 | *kaːn |
| 邗 | *kaːn, *ɡaːn |
| 秆 | *kaːnʔ |
| 矸 | *kaːnʔ, *kaːns, *ɡaːns |
| 仠 | *kaːnʔ |
| 皯 | *kaːnʔ |
| 衦 | *kaːnʔ |
| 簳 | *kaːnʔ |
| 擀 | *kaːnʔ |
| 旰 | *kaːns |
| 盰 | *kaːns |
| 幹 | *kaːns |
| 杆 | *kaːns |
| 骭 | *kaːns, *ɡraːns |
| 桿 | *kaːnʔ |
| 趕 | *kaːnʔ |
| 稈 | *kaːnʔ |
| 刊 | *kʰaːn |
| 靬 | *kʰaːn, *kʰaːns, *kreːn, *kan |
| 衎 | *kʰaːnʔ, *kʰaːns |
| 犴 | *ŋaːn, *ŋaːns |
| 豻 | *ŋaːn, *ŋaːns, *ɦŋaːns, *ŋ̥ʰraːn |
| 頇 | *ŋaːns, *hŋaːn, *ŋaːd |
| 岸 | *ŋɡaːns |
| 鼾 | *qʰaːn, *ɢaːns |
| 罕 | *qʰaːnʔ, *qʰaːns |
| 焊 | *qʰaːnʔ, *ɡaːns |
| 蔊 | *qʰaːnʔ |
| 虷 | *ɡaːn |
| 旱 | *ɡaːnʔ |
| 皔 | *ɡaːnʔ |
| 釬 | *ɡaːns |
| 扞 | *ɡaːns |
| 閈 | *ɡaːns |
| 馯 | *ɡaːns, *kʰraːn |
| 捍 | *ɡaːns, *ɡraːnʔ |
| 悍 | *ɡaːns |
| 銲 | *ɡaːns |
| 垾 | *ɡaːns |
| 駻 | *ɡaːns |
| 睅 | *ɡʷranʔ |
| 娨 | *ɡraːns |
| 飦 | *kan |
| 赶 | *ɡan, *ɡʷad |
| 軒 | *qʰan |
| 蓒 | *qʰan |
| 酐 | *qʰaːŋʔ |
| 澣 | *ɡʷaːnʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kaːn) : semantic 女 + phonetic 干 (OC *kaːn).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): gaan1
- Min Dong (BUC): găng
- Min Nan (POJ): kan
- Wu (Wiktionary): ke (T1); ji (T1)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢ
- Wade-Giles: chien1
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jian
- IPA (key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/
-

- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄍㄢ
- Wade-Giles: kan1
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gan
- IPA (key): /ka̠n⁵⁵/
- Note: gān - Mainland, used in the sense “to offend”.
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: gaan1
- Yale: gāan
- Cantonese Pinyin: gaan1
- IPA (key): /kɑːn⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: găng
- IPA (key): /kaŋ⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: ke (T1); ji (T1)
- IPA (key): /kᴇ⁵³/, /t͡ɕi⁵³/
- Note: 1ke - vernacular; 1ji - literary.
- (Shanghainese)
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 奸 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 寒 (61) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 古寒切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/kɑn/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/kɑn/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/kɑn/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/kan/ |
| Li Rong |
/kɑn/ |
| Wang Li |
/kɑn/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/kɑn/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
gān |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 奸 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
gān |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ kan › |
| Old Chinese |
/*kˤa[r]/ |
| English | treacherous |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 奸 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 3571 |
| Phonetic component |
干 |
| Rime group |
元 |
| Rime subdivision |
1 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
干 |
| Old Chinese |
/*kaːn/ |
Definitions
奸
- to offend; to conflict
- to stage an armed rebellion or steal
- evil; wicked; treacherous
- self-seeking; wily
- evildoer; treacherous person
- traitor; betrayer
- to commit adultery
Antonyms
Compounds
Derived terms from 奸
Japanese
Kanji
奸
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Readings
Compounds
Compounds
|
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 奸 |
|
かん Hyōgaiji |
| on'yomi |
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 奸 (kan).
Pronunciation
Alternative forms
Adjective
奸 (-na inflection, hiragana かん, romaji kan)
Inflection
Inflection of "奸な"
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Imperfective (未然形) | 奸だろ | かんだろ | kan daro |
| Continuative (連用形) | 奸で | かんで | kan de |
| Terminal (終止形) | 奸だ | かんだ | kan da |
| Attributive (連体形) | 奸な | かんな | kan na |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | 奸なら | かんなら | kan nara |
| Imperative (命令形) | 奸であれ | かんであれ | kan de are |
| Key constructions | |||
| Informal negative | 奸ではない 奸じゃない |
かんではない かんじゃない |
kan de wa nai kan ja nai |
| Informal past | 奸だった | かんだった | kan datta |
| Informal negative past | 奸ではなかった 奸じゃなかった |
かんではなかった かんじゃなかった |
kan de wa nakatta kan ja nakatta |
| Formal | 奸です | かんです | kan desu |
| Formal negative | 奸ではありません 奸じゃありません |
かんではありません かんじゃありません |
kan de wa arimasen kan ja arimasen |
| Formal past | 奸でした | かんでした | kan deshita |
| Formal negative past | 奸ではありませんでした 奸じゃありませんでした |
かんではありませんでした かんじゃありませんでした |
kan de wa arimasen deshita kan ja arimasen deshita |
| Conjunctive | 奸で | かんで | kan de |
| Conditional | 奸なら(ば) | かんなら(ば) | kan nara (ba) |
| Provisional | 奸だったら | かんだったら | kan dattara |
| Volitional | 奸だろう | かんだろう | kan darō |
| Adverbial | 奸に | かんに | kan ni |
| Degree | 奸さ | かんさ | kansa |
Noun
- wickedness, wicked person
References
- ↑ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9
- ↑ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, ISBN 978-4-14-011112-3
Korean
Hanja
奸 • (gan) (hangeul 간, revised gan, McCune-Reischauer kan)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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