English

Verb

tapt

1. (obsolete) simple past tense and past participle of tap

Dutch

Pronunciation

• Rhymes: -ɑpt

Verb

tapt

1. second- and third-person singular present indicative of tappen
2. (archaic) plural imperative of tappen

Latvian

Etymology

The present stem topu ([tùopu]) comes from earlier Proto-Baltic *tanpu (whence also Lithuanian tampù). About the origin of the basic stem there are different hypotheses. The traditional view compares tapt with Ancient Greek τόπος ‎(tópos, “place, field”), τοπάζω ‎(topázō, “I strive towards; I think, I guess”), Old English dafian ‎(“to support, to join, to allow, to suffer”), deriving all from Proto-Indo-European *top- ‎(“to strive to, to meet; place where one goes or wants to go”). Others, however, compare tapt with Russian топить ‎(topít′, “to heat”). Yet others link it to tept “to rub, to smear,” which had an old perfect stem *top- > *tap-, from which a secondary present stem was formed with an infix n (*ta-n-p- > *top-); the meaning evolution would have been “to smear, to paste” > “to be glued, to remain (somewhere)” > “to become” (the notions of “remain” and “become” are often linked in various languages). Cognates include Lithuanian tàpti.^[1]

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [tapt]

Verb

tapt intr., 1st conj., pres. topu, topi, top, past tapu

1. (usually 3rd person, especially of something new) to be made, to be formed, to be invented, to be discovered

   top jaunas ārstniecības vielas‎ ― new pharmaceuticals have been invented

   top jauna glezna‎ ― a new painting has been made

   teatrī top izrāde‎ ― a (new) show has been set up at the theater

   dzīvokļi top pēc individuāliem projektiem‎ ― apartments are made according to individual projects

   dokos top gan tankkuģi, gan zemessmēlēji, gan pasažieru un kravas kuģi‎ ― at the docks tankers, dredgers, and also passenger and cargo ships are made

   tapa melodija, viena no daudzajām... vai gan klausitāji spēja saprast, cik daudz aiz katras frāzes smagu domu un pārdzīvojumu?‎ ― a new melody was made, one of many... can the listeners ever understand how much serious thought and experience there is behind every sentence?0

2. (usually 3rd person) to appear, to come to be, to come into existence, into being, to be formed (to begin existing, to be gradually formed)

   topošs mākslinieks‎ ― an artist in formation

   top un veidojas jaunas tradīcijas‎ ― new traditions appear and take form

   jaunais top cīņā ar veco‎ ― the new comes into being in the fight against the old

   kolektīvais jutīgums top tad, kad mēs godinām to, ko veikuši citi‎ ― collective sensibility begins to exist when he honor that which others have done

   lai taptu jauna suga, nepieciešama kādas populācijas izolācija dažu desmittūkstošu paaudžu laikā‎ ― so that a new species appears, the isolation of a certain population is necessary for a period of development of several tens of thousands of generations

3. to become, to turn into, to grow into, to learn how to be (to transform into something different; to acquire new features, properties, knowledge)

   tapt prātīgam‎ ― to become sober, reasonable

   viņš tapa uzmanīgs‎ ― he became attentive

   mākslas zinātne top dziļāka‎ ― art science has become deeper

   mēs esam paaudze, kas netop veca‎ ― we are the generation that does not grow old

   mātes vēlēšanās bija, lai studēju teoloģiju, topu par mācītāju‎ ― (my) mother's desire was that I should study theology, that I should become a pastor

   katra uguns, ja tai nepiemet jaunas pagales, top par pelniem‎ ― every fire, if it does not get new logs, becomes ashes

   viņš sapņoja par laikiem, kad cilvēki visā plašajā pasaulē taps brāļi‎ ― he dreamed of the times when people all over the world will become brothers

4. (only 3rd person, used impersonally) to become, to get

   laukā tapa pilnīgi gaišs‎ ― outside it became light

   uz ielas atkal tapa kluss‎ ― on the street it became silent again

   un Rūdim top žēl mātes un gribas uz mājām‎ ― and Rūdis took pity (lit. to him it became pitiful) on his mother and wanted (to go) home

5. (with the past participle of other verbs) auxiliary verb used to form the passive voice; to be, to get

   visi tapa aicināti pie galda‎ ― all (people) were invited to the table

   Mežkungs tagad paziņoja, ka otrā pusē mežam topot rakts grāvis‎ ― Mežkungs now announced that a ditch was being dug on the other side of the forest

   katru rītu mēs sastopamies pie pilsētas vārtiem, un mums top atvērts‎ ― every morning we found ourselves at the city gate, and it was opened to us

Conjugation

Derived terms

prefixed verbs:

other derived terms:

• tapums

Related terms

• sastapt
• tapināt

References

1. ↑ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992), “tapt”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, ISBN 9984-700-12-7

Norwegian Bokmål

Verb

tapt

1. past participle of tape (etymology 2)