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Webster 1913 Edition

Average

Av′er-age

,
Noun.
[OF.
average
, LL.
averagium
, prob. fr. OF.
aver
, F.
avoir
, property, horses, cattle, etc.; prop. infin., to have, from L.
habere
to have. Cf. F.
avérage
small cattle, and
avarie
(perh. of different origin) damage to ship or cargo, port dues. The first meaning was perhaps the service of carting a feudal lord’s wheat, then charge for carriage, the contribution towards loss of things carried, in proportion to the amount of each person's property. Cf.
Aver
,
Noun.
,
Avercorn
,
Averpenny
.]
1.
(OLd Eng. Law)
That service which a tenant owed his lord, to be done by the work beasts of the tenant, as the carriage of wheat, turf, etc.
2.
[Cf. F.
avarie
damage to ship or cargo.]
(Com.)
(a)
A tariff or duty on goods, etc.
[Obs.]
(b)
Any charge in addition to the regular charge for freight of goods shipped.
(c)
A contribution to a loss or charge which has been imposed upon one of several for the general benefit; damage done by sea perils.
(d)
The equitable and proportionate distribution of loss or expense among all interested.
General average
,
a contribution made, by all parties concerned in a sea adventure, toward a loss occasioned by the voluntary sacrifice of the property of some of the parties in interest for the benefit of all. It is called general average, because it falls upon the gross amount of ship, cargo, and freight at risk and saved by the sacrifice.
Kent.
–
Particular average
signifies the damage or partial loss happening to the ship, or cargo, or freight, in consequence of some fortuitous or unavoidable accident; and it is borne by the individual owners of the articles damaged, or by their insurers.
–
Petty averages
are sundry small charges, which occur regularly, and are necessarily defrayed by the master in the usual course of a voyage; such as port charges, common pilotage, and the like, which formerly were, and in some cases still are, borne partly by the ship and partly by the cargo. In the clause commonly found in bills of lading, “primage and average accustomed,” average means a kind of composition established by usage for such charges, which were formerly assessed by way of average.
Arnould.
Abbott.
Phillips.
3.
A mean proportion, medial sum or quantity, made out of unequal sums or quantities; an arithmetical mean.
Thus, if A loses 5 dollars, B 9, and C 16, the sum is 30, and the
average
10.
4.
Any medial estimate or general statement derived from a comparison of diverse specific cases; a medium or usual size, quantity, quality, rate, etc.
“The average of sensations.”
Paley.
5.
pl.
In the English corn trade, the medial price of the several kinds of grain in the principal corn markets.
On an average
,
taking the mean of unequal numbers or quantities.

Av′er-age

,
Adj.
1.
Pertaining to an average or mean; medial; containing a mean proportion; of a mean size, quality, ability, etc.; ordinary; usual;
as, an
average
rate of profit; an
average
amount of rain; the
average
Englishman; beings of the
average
stamp.
2.
According to the laws of averages;
as, the loss must be made good by
average
contribution
.

Av′er-age

,
Verb.
T.
[
imp. & p. p.
Averaged
([GREEK]);
p. pr. & vb. n.
Averaging
.]
1.
To find the mean of, when sums or quantities are unequal; to reduce to a mean.
2.
To divide among a number, according to a given proportion;
as, to
average
a loss
.
3.
To do, accomplish, get, etc., on an average.

Av′er-age

,
Verb.
I.
To form, or exist in, a mean or medial sum or quantity; to amount to, or to be, on an average;
as, the losses of the owners will
average
twenty five dollars each; these spars
average
ten feet in length.

Webster 1828 Edition

Average

AV'ERAGE

,
Noun.
1.
In commerce, a contribution to a general loss. When for the safety of a ship in distress, any destruction of property is incurred, either by cutting away the masts, throwing goods overboard, or other means, all persons who have goods on board, or property in the ship, contribute to the loss according to their average, that is, the goods of each on board. This principle, introduced into the commerce of Europe, from the Rhodian laws, and recognized by the regulations of Wisby, is now an established rule in the maritime laws of Europe; for it is most reasonable, that when one man's property is sacrificed to save a ship, all persons whose property is saved, or in like hazard, should bear their proportion of the loss.
2.
From the practice of contributing to bear losses, in proportion to each man's property, this word has obtained the present popular sense, which is, that of a mean proportion, medial sum or quantity, made out of unequal sums or quantities. Thus, if A loses 5 dollars, B 9 and C 16, the sum is 30, and the average, 10.
3.
A small duty payable by the shippers of goods, to the master of the ship, over and above the freight, for his care of the goods.
Hence the expression in bills of lading, 'paying so much freight with primage and average accustomed.'
4.
In England, the breaking up of cornfields, eddish or roughings.
Upon, or on an average, is taking the mean of unequal numbers or quantities.

AV'ERAGE

,
Adj.
Medial; containing a mean proportion.

AV'ERAGE

,
Verb.
T.
To find the mean of unequal sums or quantities; to reduce to a medium; to divide among a number, according to a given proportion; as, to average a loss.

AV'ERAGE

,
Verb.
I.
To form a mean or medial sum or quantity; as, the losses of the owners will average 25 dollars each.
These spars average 10 feet in length.

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