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Definition 2024
靴
靴
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Translingual
Han character
靴 (radical 177 革+4, 13 strokes, cangjie input 廿十人心 (TJOP), four-corner 44510, composition ⿰革化)
References
- KangXi: page 1385, character 19
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 42729
- Dae Jaweon: page 1900, character 10
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 7, page 4327, character 21
- Unihan data for U+9774
Chinese
|
simp. and trad. |
靴 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph origin
| Characters in the same phonetic series (化) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 訛 | *ŋʷaːl |
| 吪 | *ŋʷaːl |
| 鈋 | *ŋʷaːl |
| 囮 | *lu, *ŋʷaːl |
| 魤 | *ŋʷaːl |
| 靴 | *hʷa |
| 貨 | *hŋʷaːls |
| 花 | *hʷraː |
| 化 | *hŋʷraːls |
| 杹 | *hŋʷraːls |
| 匕 | *pilʔ, *hŋʷraːls |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): hoe1
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): hiô
- Min Nan (POJ): hio / hia
- Wu (Wiktionary): xio (T1); xie (T1)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄒㄩㄝ
- Wade-Giles: hsüeh1
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiue
- IPA (key): /ɕɥ̯œ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: hoe1
- Yale: hēu
- Cantonese Pinyin: hoe1
- IPA (key): /hœː⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hiô
- Hakka Romanization System: hio´
- Hagfa Pinyim: hio1
- IPA: /hi̯o²⁴/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hio
- Tâi-lô: hio
- Phofsit Daibuun: hioy
- IPA (Quanzhou): /hiɤ³³/
- IPA (Xiamen): /hiɤ⁴⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /hiɤ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, mainstream Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hia
- Tâi-lô: hia
- Phofsit Daibuun: hiaf
- IPA (Quanzhou): /hia³³/
- IPA (Taipei): /hia⁴⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /hia⁴⁴/
- IPA (Xiamen): /hia⁴⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /hia⁴⁴/
- Note: hio - literary; hia - vernacular.
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: xio (T1); xie (T1)
- IPA (key): /ɕio⁵³/, /ɕiᴇ⁵³/
- (Shanghainese)
- Dialectal data▼
| Variety | Location | 靴 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ɕyɛ⁵⁵/ |
| Harbin | /ɕyɛ⁴⁴/ | |
| Tianjin | /ɕye²¹/ | |
| Jinan | /ɕyə²¹³/ | |
| Qingdao | /ɕyə⁵⁵/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /ɕyɛ²⁴/ | |
| Xi'an | /ɕyɛ²¹/ | |
| Xining | /ɕyu⁴⁴/ | |
| Yinchuan | /ɕye⁴⁴/ | |
| Lanzhou | /ɕyə³¹/ | |
| Ürümqi | /ɕyɤ⁴⁴/ | |
| Wuhan | /ɕye⁵⁵/ | |
| Chengdu | /ɕye⁵⁵/ | |
| Guiyang | /ɕie⁵⁵/ | |
| Kunming | /ɕiɛ⁴⁴/ | |
| Nanjing | /ɕye³¹/ | |
| Hefei | /sz̩ʷ²¹/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /ɕye¹¹/ |
| Pingyao | /ɕye̞¹³/ | |
| Hohhot | /ɕye³¹/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ɕyø⁵³/ |
| Suzhou | /ɕio⁵⁵/ | |
| Hangzhou | /sz̩ʷ³³/ | |
| Wenzhou | /ɕy³³/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /ɕya³¹/ |
| Tunxi | /ɕyɛ¹¹/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha |
/ɕye³³/ /ɕya³³/ |
| Xiangtan | /ɕyɒ³³/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /ɕye⁴²/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /hio⁴⁴/ |
| Taoyuan | /hio²⁴/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /hœ⁵³/ |
| Nanning | /hœ⁵⁵/ | |
| Hong Kong | /hœ⁵⁵/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) | /hia⁵⁵/ |
| Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /kʰuo⁴⁴/ | |
| Jian'ou (Min Bei) | /xiɔ⁵⁴/ | |
| Shantou (Min Nan) | /hia³³/ | |
| Haikou (Min Nan) | /xue²³/ |
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 靴 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 曉 (32) |
| Final (韻) | 戈 (97) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 許𦚢切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/hɨuɑ/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/hʷiɑ/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/xiuɑ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/hua/ |
| Li Rong |
/xiuɑ/ |
| Wang Li |
/xĭuɑ/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/xi̯wɑ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
xuē |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 靴 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 5324 |
| Phonetic component |
化 |
| Rime group |
魚 |
| Rime subdivision |
1 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
鞾 |
| Old Chinese |
/*hʷa/ |
| Notes | 同鞾 |
Definitions
靴
- boots (footwear)
Japanese
Kanji
靴
Readings
Pronunciation
Etymology
From Old Japanese. Found in the Man'yōshū poetry compilation, completed circa 759.[4]
Ultimate derivation unclear. Some Japanese sources suggest a borrowing from or cognate with Korean 구두 (gudu, “shoes”), but then some Korean sources suggest that the Korean term was borrowed from Japanese 靴 (kutsu, “shoes”).
Alternative forms
Noun
靴 (hiragana くつ, romaji kutsu)
- footwear, footgear: a shoe, (a pair of) shoes; a boot, (a pair of) boots
- c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 14, poem 3399), text here:
- 信濃道者 伊麻能波里美知 可里婆祢尓 安思布麻之<奈牟> 久都波氣和我世
- 信濃道は 今の墾り道 刈りばねに 足踏ましなむ 沓はけ我が背
- shinanuji wa ima no harimichi karibane ni ashi fumashinamu kutsu hake wagase
- the Shinano road has just been opened; wear shoes, my brother / my dear, so you do not step on the brush stubble [in your bare feet]
- c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 14, poem 3399), text here:
Synonyms
- シューズ (shūzu)
Derived terms
Derived terms
Related terms
- Korean: 구두 (gudu)
References
- ↑ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9
- ↑ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, ISBN 978-4-14-011112-3
- ↑ 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13143-0
- ↑ 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
Korean
Hanja
靴 • (hwa) (hangeul 화, McCune-Reischauer hwa, Yale hwa)
Compounds
- 木靴 (목화, mokhwa) The courtesy footwear in the Eastern tradition, as worn by courtiers, somewhat similar to the moccasin made of deerskin.
- 洋靴 (양화, yanghwa) Western shoes, boots
- 長靴 (장화, janghwa) boots
Okinawan
Etymology
Attested in the 沖縄語典 (Okinawa Goten, “Okinawan Dictionary”) as ふや (fuya).[1]
Noun
靴 (hiragana ふや, romaji fuya)
References
- ↑ 1896: 沖縄語典 (Okinawa Goten, “Okinawan Dictionary”). In Japanese. http://kindai.ndl.go.jp/info:ndljp/pid/992016/33
Vietnamese
Han character
靴 (ngoa)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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