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Definition 2025

鏡

鏡

See also: 镜

Translingual

Han character

鏡 (radical 167 金+11, 19 strokes, cangjie input 金卜廿山 (CYTU), four-corner 80116, composition ⿰釒竟)

References

  • KangXi: page 1320, character 10
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40812
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1820, character 5
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 6, page 4250, character 10
  • Unihan data for U+93E1

Chinese

trad. 鏡
simp. 镜

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 鏡
Large seal script Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (竟) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
滰 *ɡaŋʔ
境 *kraŋʔ
竟 *kraŋs
鏡 *kraŋs
獍 *kraŋs
樈 *ɡraŋ
璄 *qraŋʔ
摬 *qraŋʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kraŋs) : semantic 釒 + phonetic 竟 ‎(OC *kraŋs).

Etymology

Unknown. Various hypotheses exist:

  • Derived from 亮 (OC *raŋs, “to shine”) with the nominalising *k- prefix (Schuessler, 2007; apud Baxter, p. c.);
  • Cognate with 景 (OC *kraŋʔ, “bright”) (Schuessler, 2007);
  • Re-etymologisation of the nearly identical earlier word 監 (OC *kraːms), 鑑 (OC *kraːms, “mirror”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 鏡
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 庚 (111)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 居慶切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /kˠiæŋH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /kᵚiaŋH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /kiaŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /kiajŋH/
Li
Rong		 /kiɐŋH/
Wang
Li		 /kĭɐŋH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ki̯ɐŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 jìng
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 鏡
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 jìng
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ kjængH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*C.qraŋʔ-s/
English mirror

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 鏡
Reading # 1/1
No. 6870
Phonetic
component		 竟
Rime
group		 陽
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 敬
Old
Chinese		 /*kraŋs/

Definitions

鏡

  1. mirror; reflecting glass
  2. to mirror; to reflect
  3. to perceive; to observe clearly
  4. to use for reference; to draw lessons from
  5. clear
  6. (physics) lens; -scope
  7. spectacles; glasses
  8. A surname​.

See also

Compounds

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (鏡):

Others:

Japanese

Kanji

鏡

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. mirror

Readings

Compounds

Etymology

Originally a compound of 影 ‎(kaga, “shadow; outline; figure; image”, ancient combining form of modern reading kage) +‎ 見 ‎(mi, “seeing”, the 連用形 ‎(ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 見る miru, “to see, to look at”, cognate with 目 me, “eye”).[1][2]

Pronunciation

Alternative forms

Noun

鏡 ‎(hiragana かがみ, romaji kagami)

  1. an instrument that reflects an image: a mirror
    • c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 14, poem 3468)
      夜麻杼里乃 乎呂能波都乎尓 可賀美可家 刀奈布倍美許曽 奈尓与曽利鶏米
      やまとりの をろのはつをに かがみかけ となふべみこそ なによそりけめ
      yamatori no oro no hatsuo ni kagami kake tonau bemi koso na ni yosori kemu
  2. (Noh) the panel at the back of a Noh stage that is painted with an image of an old pine tree
  3. the barrelhead or lid of a saké barrel
    昨日 (きのう)、鏡 (かがみ)を抜 (ぬ)いた。
    Kinō, kagami o nuita.
    They removed the barrelhead yesterday. → They opened the saké barrel yesterday.

Idioms

Derived terms

References

  1. ↑ 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. 1 2 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9
  • Satake, Akihiro; Hideo Yamada; Rikio Kudō; Masao Ōtani; Yoshiyuki Yamazaki (c. 759) Shin Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei 3: Man’yōshū 3 (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, ISBN 978-4-00-240003-7, published 2002.

Korean

Hanja

鏡 • ‎(gyeong) (hangeul 경, revised gyeong, McCune-Reischauer kyŏng, Yale kyeng)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Okinawan

Kanji

鏡 ‎(hiragana かがん, romaji kagan)

Etymology

Cognate with mainland Japanese 鏡 ‎(kagami, “mirror”), itself derived as a compound of 影 ‎(kaga, “shadow; outline; image”, ancient combining form of modern reading kage) + 見 ‎(mi, “seeing”, the 連用形 ‎(ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 見る miru, “to see, to look at”, cognate with 目 me, “eye”).

Noun

鏡 ‎(hiragana かがん, romaji kagan)

  1. mirror

Vietnamese

Han character

鏡 (kính, kẻng, gương, kiếng)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Yonaguni

Kanji

鏡 ‎(hiragana かか゚ん, romaji kaŋan)

Etymology

Cognate with mainland Japanese 鏡 ‎(kagami, “mirror”), itself derived as a compound of 影 ‎(kaga, “shadow; outline; image”, ancient combining form of modern reading kage) + 見 ‎(mi, “seeing”, the 連用形 ‎(ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 見る miru, “to see, to look at”, cognate with 目 me, “eye”).

Noun

鏡 ‎(hiragana かか゚ん, romaji kaŋan)

  1. mirror

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