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Definition 2024
江
江
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Translingual
Han character
江 (radical 85 水+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 水一 (EM), four-corner 31110, composition ⿰氵工)
Descendants
See also
References
- KangXi: page 606, character 4
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17140
- Dae Jaweon: page 999, character 13
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 3, page 1551, character 3
- Unihan data for U+6C5F
Chinese
|
simp. and trad. |
江 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph origin
| Characters in the same phonetic series (工) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 缸 | *kroːŋ, *ɡroːŋ |
| 篢 | *kluːmʔ, *koːŋ |
| 贑 | *kluːmʔ |
| 涳 | *ŋr'oːŋ, *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ |
| 江 | *kroːŋ |
| 肛 | *kroːŋ, *qʰroːŋ |
| 扛 | *kroːŋ |
| 杠 | *kroːŋ |
| 豇 | *kroːŋ |
| 茳 | *kroːŋ |
| 釭 | *kroːŋ, *koːŋ, *kuːŋ |
| 矼 | *kroːŋ |
| 玒 | *kroːŋ, *koːŋ |
| 虹 | *kroːŋs, *koːŋs, *ɡoːŋ |
| 腔 | *kʰroːŋ |
| 崆 | *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ |
| 羫 | *kʰroːŋ |
| 控 | *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋs |
| 椌 | *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ |
| 悾 | *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋs |
| 跫 | *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoŋ, *ɡoŋ |
| 啌 | *qʰroːŋ |
| 谾 | *qʰroːŋ, *qʰoːŋ |
| 舡 | *qʰroːŋ |
| 缻 | *ɡroːŋ |
| 項 | *ɡroːŋʔ |
| 屸 | *ɡ·roːŋ |
| 功 | *koːŋ |
| 工 | *koːŋ |
| 疘 | *koːŋ |
| 魟 | *koːŋ, *qʰoːŋ, *ɡoːŋ |
| 攻 | *koːŋ, *kuːŋ |
| 愩 | *koːŋ |
| 碽 | *koːŋ |
| 貢 | *koːŋs |
| 羾 | *koːŋs |
| 空 | *kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋs |
| 箜 | *kʰoːŋ |
| 硿 | *kʰoːŋ |
| 埪 | *kʰoːŋ |
| 鵼 | *kʰoːŋ |
| 倥 | *kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋʔ, *kʰoːŋs |
| 鞚 | *kʰoːŋs |
| 叿 | *qʰoːŋ |
| 嗊 | *qʰoːŋʔ |
| 訌 | *ɡoːŋ |
| 紅 | *ɡoːŋ |
| 仜 | *ɡoːŋ |
| 葒 | *ɡoːŋ |
| 渱 | *ɡoːŋ |
| 鴻 | *ɡoːŋ, *ɡoːŋʔ |
| 汞 | *ɡoːŋʔ |
| 澒 | *ɡoːŋʔ |
| 鞏 | *koŋʔ |
| 巩 | *koŋʔ |
| 銎 | *kʰoŋ, *qʰoŋ |
| 恐 | *kʰoŋʔ, *kʰoŋs |
| 蛩 | *ɡoŋ |
| 筇 | *ɡoŋ |
| 桏 | *ɡoŋ |
| 邛 | *ɡoŋ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kroːŋ) : semantic 氵 + phonetic 工 (OC *koːŋ).
Etymology
“Yangtze River”.
Borrowed from a substrate Mon-Khmer language; compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *ruŋ ~ ruuŋ ~ ruəŋ (“river”) > Proto-Vietic *k-roːŋ (“river”) (Vietnamese sông), Mon ကြုၚ် (krɜŋ, “small river, creek”).
Derivative: 港 (OC *kroːŋʔ, *ɡloːŋs, “harbour”).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): gong1
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kông
- Min Dong (BUC): gŏng
- Min Nan (POJ): kang
- Wu (Wiktionary): kaan (T1)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄤ
- Wade-Giles: chiang1
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiang
- IPA (key): /t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/
-
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: gong1
- Yale: gōng
- Cantonese Pinyin: gong1
- IPA (key): /kɔːŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kông
- Hakka Romanization System: gong´
- Hagfa Pinyim: gong1
- IPA: /koŋ²⁴/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: gŏng
- IPA (key): /kouŋ⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kang
- Tâi-lô: kang
- Phofsit Daibuun: kafng
- IPA (Xiamen): /kaŋ⁴⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /kaŋ³³/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /kaŋ⁴⁴/
- IPA (Taipei): /kaŋ⁴⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /kaŋ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien)
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: kaan (T1)
- IPA (key): /kɑ̃⁵³/
- (Shanghainese)
- Dialectal data▼
| Variety | Location | 江 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /t͡ɕiɑŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Harbin | /t͡ɕiaŋ⁴⁴/ | |
| Tianjin | /t͡ɕiɑŋ²¹/ | |
| Jinan | /t͡ɕiaŋ²¹³/ | |
| Qingdao | /t͡ɕiaŋ²¹³/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /t͡ɕiaŋ²⁴/ | |
| Xi'an | /t͡ɕiaŋ²¹/ | |
| Xining | /t͡ɕiɔ̃⁴⁴/ | |
| Yinchuan | /t͡ɕiɑŋ⁴⁴/ | |
| Lanzhou | /t͡ɕiɑ̃³¹/ | |
| Ürümqi | /t͡ɕiɑŋ⁴⁴/ | |
| Wuhan | /t͡ɕiaŋ⁵⁵/ | |
| Chengdu | /t͡ɕiaŋ⁵⁵/ | |
| Guiyang | /t͡ɕiaŋ⁵⁵/ | |
| Kunming | /t͡ɕiã̠/ | |
| Nanjing | /t͡ɕiaŋ³¹/ | |
| Hefei | /t͡ɕiɑ̃²¹/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡ɕiɒ̃¹¹/ |
| Pingyao | /t͡ɕiɑŋ¹³/ | |
| Hohhot | /t͡ɕiɑ̃³¹/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai |
/kɑ̃⁵³/ /t͡ɕiã⁵³/ |
| Suzhou |
/t͡ɕiɑ̃⁵⁵/ /kɑ̃⁵⁵/ |
|
| Hangzhou | /t͡ɕiɑŋ³³/ | |
| Wenzhou | /kuɔ³³/ | |
| Hui | Shexian |
/t͡ɕia³¹/ ～淮 /ka³¹/ 姓～ |
| Tunxi | /kau¹¹/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /t͡ɕian³³/ |
| Xiangtan | /t͡ɕian³³/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /kɔŋ⁴²/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /koŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Taoyuan | /koŋ²⁴/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /kɔŋ⁵³/ |
| Nanning | /kɔŋ⁵⁵/ | |
| Hong Kong | /kɔŋ⁵⁵/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) | /kaŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /køyŋ⁴⁴/ | |
| Jian'ou (Min Bei) | /kɔŋ⁵⁴/ | |
| Shantou (Min Nan) | /kaŋ³³/ | |
| Haikou (Min Nan) |
/koŋ²³/ /kiaŋ²³/ |
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 江 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 江 (9) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 古雙切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/kˠʌŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/kᵚɔŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/kɔŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/kaɨwŋ/ |
| Li Rong |
/kɔŋ/ |
| Wang Li |
/kɔŋ/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/kɔŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
jiāng |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 江 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
jiāng |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ kæwng › |
| Old Chinese |
/*kˤroŋ/ |
| English | (Yangzi) river |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 江 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 3995 |
| Phonetic component |
工 |
| Rime group |
東 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
江 |
| Old Chinese |
/*kroːŋ/ |
Definitions
江
- (geography) The Yangtze River.
- (geography, by extension) A river.
- A surname: Jiang (mainland China), Chiang (Taiwan), Kong (Hong Kong)
Usage notes
The original Chinese word for "river" was 水 (shuǐ), literally "water". In time, the proper name 河 (hé) was used as a word for rivers and its original bearer distinguished as the 黃河／黄河 (Huáng Hé, “Yellow River”). Similarly, 江 was originally the name of the Yangtze River and then applied broadly as a generic word for rivers. In modern Chinese, 江 are usually the larger rivers, 河 (hé) are smaller rivers or creeks, and 水 (shuǐ) are brooks and streams; but there are many exceptions to this general pattern owing to historical reasons.
See also
Compounds
Derived terms from 江
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Vietnamese
Han character
江 (giang, giăng, nhăng, gianh)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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