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Definition 2025

毋

毋

See also: 母

Translingual

Stroke order

Compare 黒 (from 黑).

Han character

毋 (radical 80 毋+0, 4 strokes, cangjie input 田十 (WJ), four-corner 77500)

  1. do not
  2. not
  3. A surname​.
  4. Kangxi radical #80, ⽏ ‎(“do not”).

References

  • KangXi: page 588, character 23
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 16721
  • Dae Jaweon: page 980, character 29
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2380, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+6BCB

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 毋

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Note: This character is used as a substitute for Min Nan m̄, which may be etymologically unrelated.

Rime
Character 毋
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 明 (4)
Final (韻) 虞 (24)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 武夫切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /mɨo/
Pan
Wuyun		 /mio/
Shao
Rongfen		 /mio/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /muə̆/
Li
Rong		 /mio/
Wang
Li		 /mĭu/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /mi̯u/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 wú
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 毋
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 wú
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ mju ›
Old
Chinese		 /*mo/
English don"t

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 毋
Reading # 1/1
No. 9301
Phonetic
component		 母
Rime
group		 魚
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 無
Old
Chinese		 /*ma/
Notes 母轉註字

Definitions

毋

  1. (Min Nan) not
    我毋捌字。 [Min Nan]  ―  Góa m̄ pat-jī. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  I'm illterate (literally: I don't know characters)
  2. (Classical Chinese) do not
    宜未雨而綢繆，毋臨渴而掘井。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
    宜未雨而绸缪，毋临渴而掘井。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
    From: Zhūzǐ Jiāxùn: the familial rules of Zhuzi (full text here)
    Yí wèi yǔ ér chóumiào, wú lín kě ér jué jǐng. [Pinyin]
    [One] should, [when it is] not yet raining, bind tightly [the window]. [One] should not [wait] until [one is] thirsty [to] dig [a] well.
    (Literally: One should prepare before it is too late, see 未雨綢繆／未雨绸缪 (wèi yǔ chóumóu) and 臨渴掘井／临渴掘井.)

References

Japanese

Kanji

毋

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

Usage notes

Not used in Japanese shinjitai in isolation – instead the unsimplified 母 is used – but simplified form is used universally in compound jōyō characters, such as 毎, 海.

However, not used in hyōgaiji, which are written in kyūjitai, such as 姆.

Korean

Hanja

毋 • ‎(mu) (hangeul 무, revised mu, McCune-Reischauer mu, Yale mu)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

毋 (vô)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Etymology

Historical forms of the character 毋
Bronze inscriptions Large seal script Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (母) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
脢 *mɯːs, *mɯː, *mɯːs
挴 *mlɯːʔ, *mɯːʔ
海 *hmlɯːʔ
毐 *ʔmɯː, *ʔmɯːʔ
呣 *mɯ
拇 *mɯʔ
母 *mɯʔ
胟 *mɯʔ
姆 *mɯʔ, *mɯs, *maːʔ
畮 *mɯʔ
踇 *mɯʔ
苺 *mɯs, *mɯːʔ, *mɯːs
莓 *mɯs, *mɯː, *mɯːs
敏 *mrɯʔ, *mrɯŋʔ
鰵 *mrɯŋʔ
慜 *mrɯŋʔ
毋 *ma
梅 *mɯː
酶 *mɯː
鋂 *mɯː
每 *mɯːʔ
毎 *mɯːs
痗 *mɯːs, *hmɯːs
晦 *hmɯːs
誨 *hmɯːs
悔 *hmɯːʔ, *hmɯːs
霉 *mrɯl

Simplified from 母 (⺀ → 丿), replacing the two dots with one stroke.

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